壽山石，我國傳統的“四大印章石”之一。田黃石是壽山石系中的瑰寶，素有“萬石中之王”尊號。在人類漫長的歷史長河中有關於壽山石的記載，最早可追溯到距今約1500年的南朝時期，如在墓葬中出土的石俑。壽山石在宋代開始大量開採，元末開始刻印，並因此有壽山石印鈕藝術的產生，一直到明末清初時期才有田黃記載，當時被視為皇家珍秘之物。田黃石色澤溫潤可愛，肌理細密，自明清以來就被印人視為“印石之王”。數百年來田黃石極受藏家至愛，正如俗語所說：“黃金易得，田黃難求”。
Shoushan stone is one of the four traditional seal stones in China. Tianhuangshi is a gem of Shoushan stone system, known as "king of ten thousand stones". There are records about Shoushan stone in the long history of mankind, which can be traced back to the Southern Dynasty about 1500 years ago, such as the stone figurines unearthed in the tombs. Shoushan Stone began to be mined in large quantities in Song Dynasty and engraved at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, the production of Shoushan Stone Button printing art was not recorded until the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, when it was regarded as a royal treasure. Tianhuang stone is warm and lovely in color and fine in texture. It has been regarded as the "king of stone printing" by the Indians since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For hundreds of years, Tianhuang stone has been loved by collectors. As the saying goes, "gold is easy to get, but Tianhuang is hard to get.".
早在一千多年前，我國已有人開始採集田黃石，到了明清兩代田黃石更是盛名於世，以其“燦如金、潤如玉、凝如脂”而備受皇家、達官顯貴及文人雅士追捧。相傳清初時期，田黃石被作為貢品上呈皇宮，以換取皇帝的賞識，特別是傳說中乾隆皇帝每年元旦祭天，神案上都少不了一方上品田黃石，以象徵來年“福(福建)、壽(壽山)、皇(田黃)”吉祥之意，因此，田黃石一直盛名不衰，身價倍增。當時的權貴豪門爭相蒐羅田黃石，列為珍藏、瑰寶，一顯威風，田黃石遂由此而登上了“石帝”的寶座。民間流傳著“一兩田黃一兩金”或“一兩田黃三兩黃金”之說。
As early as more than 1000 years ago, people began to collect tianhuangshi in China. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, tianhuangshi was even more famous in the world. Because of its "golden, moistening and condensing like fat", it was highly sought after by the royal family, dignitaries and scholars. It is said that in the early Qing Dynasty, tianhuangshi was presented to the imperial palace as a tribute in exchange for the emperor's appreciation. In particular, it is said that the emperor of Qianlong offered a sacrifice to heaven on New Year's day every year, and there is no lack of tianhuangshi on the God case to symbolize the auspicious meaning of "Fu (Fujian), Shou (Shoushan) and Huang (Tianhuang)" in the coming year. Therefore, tianhuangshi has always been famous and doubled in value. At that time, the powerful and powerful families vied for tianhuangshi, which was listed as a treasure and treasure. As soon as it showed its prestige, tianhuangshi ascended the throne of "stone emperor". There is a popular saying that "one or two Tian Huang and one or two gold" or "one or two Tian Huang and three or two gold".
史載，清時福建巡撫用一整塊上等田黃雕刻了“三鏈章”。乾隆皇帝奉為至寶，清室代代相傳;咸豐帝臨終時，賜予慈禧一方田黃御璽;末代皇朝解體，溥儀不要所以珍寶，只將那枚“三鏈章”縫在棉衣裡。至於民間相傳，田黃石是女媧補天的時候遺留在人間的寶石;也有傳說田黃石是神鳥鳳凰所生的鳥蛋受日月之精華幻化而成;還有傳說田黃石可以去災辟邪，收藏田黃石能夠延年益壽等等。這些傳說給田黃石蒙上了一層神秘的色彩，更為田黃石增添了一份朦朧美，讓人愛不釋手。
According to history, the governor of Fujian in Qing Dynasty carved "three chain seals" with a whole piece of superior Tianhuang. Emperor Qianlong was the most precious treasure, which was handed down from generation to generation in the Qing Dynasty; Emperor Xianfeng, on his deathbed, gave Cixi a Tianhuang imperial seal; after the collapse of the last dynasty, Puyi did not want to be a treasure, but sewed the "three chain seal" into a cotton padded garment. As for folk legend, Tian Huangshi is the jewel left in the world when the Nu Wa is making up the sky. There are also legend that Tian Huangshi is the bird egg produced by the Phoenix bird, which is transformed from the essence of the sun and the moon. There is also a legend that Tian Huangshi can go to disaster and ward off evil spirits, and the collection of Huangshi can prolong life. These legends give Tianhuang stone a layer of mysterious color, and add a hazy beauty to it, which makes people love it.
石中之王田黃石，產於福建福州市北郊壽山村田坑的田黃石，是壽山石中的珍品。有著“福”(福建)、“壽”(壽山)、“田”(財富)、“黃”(皇帝專用色)之寓意，故被人們稱之為“帝石”。關於田黃石的由來傳說它是:女媧補天時遺留在人間的寶石；是鳳凰鳥蛋所變……據說還有史書記載:咸豐帝臨終時，賜予慈禧一方田黃玉璽，末代皇朝解體，溥儀不要所有珍寶，只將一枚“三連章”縫在棉衣裡。這些官方的、民間的傳說無疑給田黃石平添了許多神秘的色彩。
The King of Stones, Tianhuangshi, is produced in Tiankeng, Shoushan Village, the northern suburb of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. It is a treasure of Shoushan Stone. It has the meanings of "Fujian", "Shoushan", "Tian" (wealth), "Huang" (special color for the emperor), so it is called "Emperor Stone". The legend about the origin of Tianhuangshi is that it is a gemstone left in the world when Nuwa mended the sky; it is the change of Phoenix eggs... It is said that there are also historical records: when Emperor Xianfeng died, he gave Cixi a Tianhuang jade seal, and the last dynasty collapsed. Puyi didn't want all the treasures, but sewed a "three linked seal" in the cotton padded clothes. These official and folk legends undoubtedly add a lot of mystery to Tian Huangshiping.
清代歷史上，康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉慶、宣統等皇帝將田黃視同拱壁，把它用於刻制璽印。尤其是乾隆皇帝更有收藏田黃的雅好，一次他在夢中得賜玉皇大帝御筆“福、壽、田”黃色石章，自此每逢元旦祭天時，必在供案中央置一塊質地上佳的大田黃，以取吉祥之意。乾隆皇帝一生所擁有的田黃寶璽在清朝歷代皇帝中數量最多，如“乾隆御筆”、“信天主人”、“三希堂”等十數個。不僅宮廷，民間也有“一兩田黃十兩金”之說，質地上乘的田黃往往“易金數倍”。對於田黃的品評，石巢先生在《印石辨》中提出了“溫、潤、細、結、凝、膩”的“六德”之說。本次華藝國際春拍將推出五方精選的田黃印章，質地工藝上乘，堪稱文房類收藏中的頂級首選。
In the history of Qing Dynasty, Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Xuantong regarded Tianhuang as an arch wall and used it to carve seals. Emperor Qianlong, in particular, had the elegance of collecting Tianhuang. Once in his dream, he was given the yellow stone stamp of "Fu, Shou, Tian" by the Jade Emperor's Royal pen. Since then, when offering sacrifices to the heavens on New Year's Day, he must place a piece of Datianhuang with good quality in the center of the confession case for good luck. Emperor Qianlong had the largest number of Tianhuang Baoxi seals in his life, such as "Qianlong Imperial Pen", "Believing in the Master of Heaven", "Sanxitang" and so on. Not only the court, but also the people have the saying of "one or two fields and twelve gold". The quality of Tianhuang is often "several times as easy as gold". For Tian Huang's evaluation, Mr. Shichao put forward the six virtues of "warmth, moistening, fineness, coagulation and greasiness" in his book "Yinshi Bian". This Huayi International Spring Festival Photo will introduce the Tianhuang Seal selected by the Five Parties. It has excellent texture and craftsmanship and can be regarded as the top choice in the collection of literary works.
身為“印石三寶”之一的田黃石，呈現黃、白、紅、黑等色。具有珍珠光澤、玻璃光澤、油脂光澤，微透明至半透明，少數透明。密度2.50-2.80克/釐米。素有“無紋不成田”、“無皮不成田”、“無格不成田”之稱。誠然，從其石質來說，仍以純淨為貴。
Tianhuangshi, one of the "three treasures of impression stone", shows yellow, white, red and black colors. With Pearl gloss, glass gloss, grease gloss, transparent to translucent, a few transparent. Density is 2.50-2.80 g/cm. It is known as "no grain, no field", "no skin, no field", "no field without qualifications". It is true that its stone quality is still prized by purity.
田黃石自從由母礦中分裂出來再埋藏到田間，其間歷經了數百萬年之久，在特殊的環境和特殊條件下，田黃石逐漸地改變了它原來的形態、色彩和質地，出現了其獨具的外觀特徵。歸納起來主要表現石形、石質、石色、石皮以及蘿蔔紋、紅筋等六個方面，可依此來鑑定。
Tianhuangshi has been separated from the mother ore and buried in the field for millions of years. Under the special environment and special conditions, tianhuangshi has gradually changed its original shape, color and texture, showing its unique appearance characteristics. It can be concluded that there are six aspects of stone shape, stone quality, stone color, stone skin, radish grain, red tendon and so on.
石形：田黃石的外形多呈卵石狀，光嫩圓滑，沒有明顯的稜角。這是由於礦塊在遷移滾動過程中，受到溪水不斷沖刷研磨的結果。
Stone shape: the appearance of Tianhuang stone is mostly pebble shape, smooth and smooth, without obvious edges and corners. This is due to the fact that the ore block is scoured and grinded by the stream during the process of migration and rolling.
石質：田黃石的質地溼潤可愛，為微透明或半透明體，狀如蛤肉，色似枇杷。如果仔細觀察，會煥發出一種其它石材品種所不具備的迷人光彩。
Stone quality: the texture of Tian Huangshi is moist and lovely. It is slightly transparent or translucent. It looks like clam meat and loquat. If carefully observed, it will glow with a charming luster that other stone varieties do not have.
石色：“田黃石”顧名思義，是一種黃顏色的寶石。儘管按照色相來區分，有田黃、白田、紅田、黑田以及銀裹金、金裹銀等品種，但無論什麼色彩的田黃石都是以黃色作為它的基調，只不過偏白、偏紅或偏黑而已。比如“紅田石”其色近橙黃如桔皮，絕不可能出現桃紅、硃紅和血紅的色彩；“黑田石”則黑中帶赭；即使被稱作“白田”的田黃石，也並非純白如雪，而是白中稍帶淡黃或蛋清色。
there are varieties of Tianhuang, Baitian, Hongtian, Heitian, silver wrapped gold, gold wrapped silver and so on according to the hue, no matter what the color of Tianhuang stone is, it takes yellow as its keynote, only partial white, partial red or partial black. For example, the color of "Hongtian stone" is close to orange yellow, such as orange peel, and it is impossible to have the color of peach red, vermilion and blood red; "Heitian stone" is black with ochre; even the "Baitian" Tianhuang stone is not pure white like snow, but white with light yellow or egg white.
石皮：多數田黃石的外表都有黃色或黑色的皮層包裹著，或厚或薄，或全裹，或稀疏掛皮，形態變幻無常，雖然也有一些田黃石因為色皮極薄，一經雕刻打磨即被清除，但田黃石的顏色都不是表裡如一的，通常是由表皮向裡層逐漸轉淡，乃至泛白。這種色彩的變化規律，塊頭大的田黃石尤為明顯。
Stone skin: most of the surface of Tianhuang stone is covered with yellow or black cortex, thick or thin, or full, or sparse hanging skin, and its shape is changeable. Although some of them are removed as soon as they are carved and polished because of their extremely thin skin, the color of Tianhuang stone is not the same on the surface, but it is usually gradually reduced from the epidermis to the inner layer, or even whitened. The change rule of this kind of color is especially obvious for the large tianhuangshi.
蘿蔔紋：凡是透明度較強的田黃石，在強烈的光線下觀察，它的肌理往往隱約可見到一條條細而密的紋理，其形狀猶如剛剛出土的白蘿蔔纖維，故有“蘿蔔紋”之稱。
Radish pattern: the texture of tianhuangshi, which has strong transparency, can be seen in a thin and dense texture under strong light. Its shape is like the white radish fiber just unearthed, so it is called "radish pattern".
紅筋：紅筋是指田黃石表層偶爾出現的紅色筋絡，紅如血，細如絲，俗稱“紅筋”又叫“血絲”。它是田黃石在遷移過程中產生的細裂紋，經土壤中氧化鐵滲透而形成的格紋。
田黃石的真偽鑑定，主要是依靠肉眼進行，還可以根據上述外觀特徵基本可以辨別清楚。
Red tendon: Red tendon refers to the red tendon occasionally appearing on the surface of Tian Huangshi, which is red as blood and thin as silk, commonly known as "red tendon" or "blood silk". It is a kind of grid pattern formed by the fine crack produced during the migration of tianhuangshi and the infiltration of iron oxide in the soil.
The identification of the authenticity of tianhuangshi mainly depends on the naked eye, and can be basically distinguished according to the above appearance characteristics.
田黃石之所以珍稀的另一個原因是因為在地球上，只有福建壽山村一條小溪兩旁數里狹長的水田底下砂層才有。且經過數百年來的連續掘採，壽山村的水田已被翻掘了無數次，如今已開採殆盡，上乘的田黃早已是無價之寶。古時即有“一兩田黃三兩金”之說，而今已該是“兩”對“斤”了，故田黃的價格漲勢迅猛。
Another reason why Tianhuangshi is rare is that on earth, only the sandy layer beneath the paddy field, which is several miles long and narrow on both sides of a stream in Shoushan Village, Fujian Province, exists. And after hundreds of years of continuous excavation and mining, Shoushan village paddy fields have been excavated countless times, and now have been exploited, excellent Tianhuang has long been priceless. In ancient times, there was the saying of "one or two fields, three or two gold", but now it should be "two" to "jin", so the price of Tianhuang has risen rapidly.
專家推薦：田黃石是壽山石系中的瑰寶，素有“萬石中之王”尊號。其色澤溫潤可愛，肌理細密，自明清以來就被印人視為“印石之王”。數百年來田黃石極受 藏家至愛，正如俗語所說：“黃金易得，田黃難求”。早在一千多年前，我國已有人開始採集，到了明清兩代田黃石更是盛名於世。許多達官顯貴， 文人雅士競相刻意收集田黃石。相傳清初時期皇帝祭天，神案上都少不了一方上品田黃石。因此，田黃石一直盛名不衰，身價倍增，曾有古話“一兩 田黃一兩金”。從圖片來看蘿蔔絲紋體現的比較明顯，而且有一定的年代特徵。質地緻密、細膩、溫潤、光潔。尤為引人注目的是其肌裡隱約可見蘿 卜紋狀細紋，具有油脂光澤。此擺件石質溫潤，色彩明豔，六德兼備，造型方正、稜角分明，佈局妥貼、運刀技 法爐火純青，精微處纖毫必爽，圓潤處 似行雲流水，刀法、刀味皆有古韻，不同凡響，田石肌理清晰，石質潤透凝膩，蘿蔔紋清晰密集，顏色瀅黃， 凝脂似玉，盈潤剔透。刀筆清俊，印體 大氣，印文雅健流利，遒勁精美，品相完整，實為難得一見之田黃珍品，此擺件保存完好，材質珍貴，雕刻工藝 精細，實屬難得，值得收藏。
Expert recommendation: tianhuangshi is a gem in Shoushan stone series, known as "king of ten thousand stones". Its color is warm and lovely, and its texture is fine. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as the "king of stone". For hundreds of years, Tianhuang stone has been loved by collectors. As the saying goes, "gold is easy to get, but Tianhuang is hard to get.". As early as more than a thousand years ago, people began to collect in China. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tian Huangshi was even more famous. Many dignitaries and scholars competed to collect tianhuangshi. It is said that in the early Qing Dynasty, when the emperor offered sacrifices to the heaven, there was no lack of top grade Tian Huangshi. Therefore, Tianhuang stone has always been famous and has double value. There was an old saying "one or two Tianhuang and one or two gold". From the picture, it can be seen that the radish silk pattern is obvious and has certain age characteristics. The texture is dense, delicate, warm and smooth. What is particularly striking is that there are some radish like fine lines in its muscles, which have grease luster. This ornament is of warm stone, bright color, six virtues, square shape, clear edges and corners, proper layout, perfect knife handling technique, delicate place, smooth place like running clouds and flowing water, knife technique and knife taste are of ancient charm, extraordinary, clear texture of field stone, moist and thick stone, clear and dense radish grain, bright yellow color, condensed fat like jade, moist and clear. It is a rare treasure of Tianhuang, which is well preserved, precious in material and fine in carving process. It is worth collecting.
閱讀更多 晒寶交易古玩圈 的文章
