知識鏈接:點擊 回顧前文《名詞性從句的本質:4種成分由3種句子充當(注意2辨析和1省略)》)
名詞性從句,包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句。有很多可以應用於寫作的固定句式,如果能熟練運用,將令你的寫作大放異彩。現將10個常用句式構建思維導圖如下:
1 have no idea+wh-詞引導的同位語從句
絕大多數同位語從句由that引導,只有have no idea(不知道)後可跟由wh-詞引導的同位語從句。
①I have no idea whether he will work hard.
我不直到他是否會努力學習。(同位)
②I have no idea who he is.
我不知道他是誰。(同位)
注:I have no idea在意思上相當於I don't know.
但是I don't know who he is. 中who he is 不再是同位語從句,而是賓語從句。
2 表因果的表語從句
①This is because…這是因為……(表從)
This is why…這就是為什麼……(表從)
②The reason why sb. did sth. … is that …
某人做某事的原因是……(表從)
例句:
①He was late. This is because he missed the early bus.
他遲到了,這是因為他錯過了早班車。(後句表原因)
②He missed the early bus. This is why he was late.
他錯過了早班車,這就是他為什麼遲到。(後句表結果)
③The reason why he was late is that he missed the early bus.
他遲到的原因是他錯過了早班車。(前句why he was late為定語從句)
3 特殊結構的名詞性從句
①感嘆句變成的名從
You can't imagine what a mistake I made.
你無法想象我犯了多大一個錯誤。名從來自於What a (big) mistake I made.(感嘆句)
You can't imagine what mistake I made.
你想象不出我犯了什麼錯誤。名從來自於 What mistake did I make?(特殊疑問句)
② wh-詞+to do構成的名從
I don't know what (I am) to do next.
我不知道下一步要做什麼。(省略了名詞性從句中的主語和be)
How(we are) to repair it is not mentioned in the instructions.
說明書裡沒提到如何維修。(省略了名詞性從句中的主語和be)
③wh-詞+ever引導的名從
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
任何違反法律的人應該被懲罰。(whoever=anyone who, 沒有疑問義,泛指)
4 It作形式主語+主語從句
1adj. It is + adj. +主從
It ispossible/likely/probable that 有可能……
2n. It is + n. +主從
①It is a pity that 很遺憾……
②It is no wonder that 難怪……
3vi. It +不及物動詞+主從
①It seems that 似乎……
②It happens that 碰巧……
③It strikes/occurs to sb.that 某人突然想到……
4-ed It is +過去分詞+主從
①It is said that 據說……
②It is reported that 據報道……
③It is known to all that 眾所周知……
④It iswidely/generally/universally thought/believed/acknowledged that 人們普遍認為……
至此,名詞性從句所有相關用法已經講完了,有什麼問題和建議請在文後留言。下文中我會講定語從句。感謝每一位的關注鼓勵。
更多英語學習相關原創文章請關注我的頭條號:英語語法實驗室。幫你構建最簡單,最易懂,最好記,最全面,最條理的英語語法體系。
閱讀更多 英語語法實驗室 的文章