01.18 初中英語語法,名詞你都瞭解了嗎?

一、可數名詞與不可數名詞的區別

普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個數計算的,這類名詞叫可數名詞。

可數名詞分為個體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個體,如

worker, farmer, desk, factory等)

集體名詞(表示作為一個整體來看的一群人或一些事物,如

people, family 等)。

如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個數來計算的,這類名詞就叫不可數名詞。

不可數名詞分為

物質名詞(表示無法分為個體的物質,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)

抽象名詞(表示動作、狀態、情況、品質等抽象概念,如

work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、關於可數名詞

初中英語語法,名詞你都瞭解了嗎?

可數名詞有單數和複數兩種形式。指一個人或一件事物時,用單數形式;指兩個或多個人或事物時用複數形式。名詞由單數形式變成複數形式的規則如下:

  1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如:

  book → books room → rooms

  house → houses day → days

  2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 結尾的名詞,在詞尾加-es 。但是有些以o結尾的外來詞或縮寫詞的複數形式只加s,另外如果字母o前面是元音字母也只加s。

piano-->pianos(外來詞,from Italian)

photo-->photos(from greece)

bamboo-->bamboos(結尾的o前面是元音字母o)

cameo-->cameos(元音字母e)

bus → buses glass → glasses

watch → watches

dish → dishes box → boxes

  3. 以'輔音字母+y'結尾的名詞,要先將y改為i再加-es。如:

  city → cities body → bodies

  factory → factories等等。

boy → boys

play → plays

  4. 以f 或fe 結尾的名詞,要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如:

  half → halves leaf → leaves

  knife → knives wife → wives

  5. 特例,特例常常考,要記住。

  ① child → children

  ② man → men woman → women

   policeman → policemen

  (規律:man → men)

  ③ tomato → tomatoes

   potato → potatoes

  注意: 初中英語以o 結尾的名詞變複數時只有這兩個詞加-es,其餘的當然加-s嘍!如:photo → photos ] 以O結尾的單詞變複數時,有生命的加es,無生命的加s.

如:photo,zoo,為無生命的,+s

tomato,potato為有生命的,+es.

  ④ foot → feet tooth → teeth

  注意: oo變成ee。]

  ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese單、複數同形 

注意:變複數時詞形不變。]

  ⑥ people單數形式表示複數意義,要求謂語動詞用複數; people的複數形式peoples通常指“多個民族”。

6.集體名詞:表示一群人或物的名詞叫集體名詞。為便於弄清其特點,我們不妨把它們分為表示無生命的物的“類”和表示主要是由人構成的“群”的集體名詞。

⑴表示“類”的集體名詞,常見的有

Clothing、furniture、baggage/luggage、jewelry、traffic、information、machinery、merchandise、produce、scenery

① 形式上總是單數,沒有複數形式,作主語時,謂語用單數。The old machinery is out of date.

② 不可直接與a(n)或數詞連用。表數量時用much,little,some,a piece of,an article of等:Each room has five pieces of furniture.

③ 若需用代詞,用單數代詞:Do you want to see my jewelry?It is in the box.

⑵表示“群”的集體名詞常見的有

1.People、police、cattle、poultry、vermin、clergy、militia、crew;

以上的單詞做主語時,謂語動詞用複數:The police are looking for him

2.amily、class、team、government、crowd、committee、jury、party、firm、couple、board、group、gang、enemy、union、audience、public、mankind、humanity、youth

以上的詞把若集體當作一個整體時,用作單數;若考慮構成這些集體的各個成員時,看作複數。

My family is a large one.我的家庭是個大家庭

My family are all workers.我家裡人都是工人

注意:把一個集體名詞看作單數或複數,要注意前後一致。如:

  The team is famous for its(不能用their) long history.該對以歷史悠久而聞名。

三、關於不可數名詞

  1. 不可數名詞沒有複數,當它作句子的主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。

  如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鮮。

  2. 有的不可數名詞也可以作可數名詞,有複數形式,但他們的意義往往發生變化。

  如:water (水) → waters (水域)

   orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

people(人)→peoples(民族)

  3. 很多不可數名詞表示泛指時為不可數,表示種類時就可數,但意義大多不發生變化。

  如:fruit → fruits food → foods

   fish → fishes hair → hairs

四、名詞可數不可數“六注意”

  1、可數名詞是可以用來計數的名詞。可數名詞有單數和複數形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可數名詞是不可以直接用來計數的名詞。不可數名詞沒有複數形式,只有單數形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。

  2、單數可數名詞表示泛指時,前面要用不定冠詞a(an),表示特指時,前面要用定冠詞the; 而不可數名詞前不能用a(an)修飾,表示特指時,前面一定要用定冠詞the。如:

  He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。

  No one can see air. 沒有人能看見空氣。

  3、可數名詞和不可數名詞前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等來修飾,表示'一些,許多'。如:

  There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。

  There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶裡有許多水。

  4、可數名詞前可用具體的數詞來表示具體的數量。如:two apples, four books等。不可數名詞前通常用'單位詞+of'來表示數量。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

  5、可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單複數與主語的單複數保持一致。如:

  This picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很美。

  不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式,但是不可數名詞前有複數'單位詞'時,謂語動詞要用複數形式。如:

  There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有兩杯茶。

  6、對可數名詞前的修飾語提問用how many; 對不可數名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。 如:

  How many apples are there in the box?盒子裡有多少個蘋果?

  How much tea is there in the cup?杯裡有多少茶水?

  注意:對不可數名詞前的'單位詞'的修飾語提問時,疑問詞用how many。 如:

  How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盤子裡有多少片面包?

單複數同形:

deer 鹿 means 手段,方法

sheep 羊,綿羊 series 連續,系列

fish 魚 species 種類

Chinese 漢語(單),中國人(復) works 工廠;作品

ethics 倫理學(單);道德行為(復) statistics 統計學(單);數據(復)

名詞可以分為可數名詞與不可數名詞,其中可數名詞具有單複數的形式;而不可數名詞沒有可數名詞複數變化規則如下:

1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches

3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5. 以o結尾,有生命的加es, 無生命的加s. 如:potato-potatoes. zoo-zoos

6.不規則名詞複數:

man-men, woman-women,

policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth,

fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,

當people後加上s時即peoples表示“民族”例如

There are 56 peoples in China.

以下詞為常為不可數名詞,他們的複數形式就是他們本身。water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米飯) orange(橙汁)juice(果汁)bread(麵包)

不可數名詞的數量關係可藉助量詞表示,如。a cup of tea two cups of tea

一.用所給名詞的正確形式填空。

1. I have two_____ (knife)

2. There are many _____ here. (box)

3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)

4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)

5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)1.Look at those _______. (child)

6.I can see a _______ standing near the door. (policeman)

7.Do you want some ________ for dinner? (potato)

8 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)

9.He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)

10. Two ________ live in this building .( family )

11. There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.

12. There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.

13.These _______(tomato) are red.

14.______(hero) are great.

15.My brother looks after two ______(baby)

16.There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.

17.My father likes to eat _______(potato).

18.Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.

19.I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.

20.I help my mother wash _____(dish) in the kitchen.

21I have two ______(pencil-box).

22.There are some ______(bus)in the street.

23.Peter has eight _____(foot).

24.Linda has three _______(tooth).

25.There are some ______(child) in the garden.

26.Michael likes the ______(mouse).

27.There are some ______(goose)in the river.

28.My uncle and father are _____(man).

29.Tom and King are _____(boy).

30.Linda has three ______(tooth).

二.選擇填空

1.They come from different ______

A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys

2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?

A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato

3. There are_____ birds in that big tree.

A. hundreds of br>B. five hundreds of

C. five hundred of D. hundred of

4. There are some ______ in these _______.

A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box

C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes

5. _______ are good for our health .

A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato

6. I like to eat cake with ______.

7. A. cherries B. cherry C.cherrys

8. ______ and ______ are not friends.

A. Foxs…wolfs B.Foxes…wolfs C. Foxes…wolves

8. Do you want to drink ______ much ?

A、a milk B、milk C、milks

9. This is room. It’s very big.

A、Lily and Lucy’s

B、Lily’s and Lucy’s

STRONG>

10. Do you want some ______ for supper?

A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos

11. In autumn,you can see a lot of___ on the ground.

A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves

12. My sister has two ___. One is old,the other is new.

A、a watch B、watchs C、watches

13.There ______ on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes B. are photos

C. is a photo D. is photos

14. That’s _____ art book.

A. an B. a C. the D are

15. There ______ two______ in the box.

A. is, watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is, watches

16.There is no ______ in the plate.

A. apples B. oranges br> C. rice D. Eggs

鞏固練習——寫出下列詞對應的複數形式(注意:不可數名詞不變,單複數同形的要寫出來)

1.I_______ 2.him ______ 3.this ________ 4.her ________ 5.wash _____6.child ______ 7.photo ______ 8.diary ______ 9.day ________ 10.foot______ 11.book______ 12. dress _______13.month______ 14.sheep _____ 15.box_______16.strawberry__17.thief______ 18.peach______ 19.sandwich ____ 20.man______21.woman_____22.paper______23.juice_____24.water_______25.milk____26.rice_______ 27.tea_______ 28.leaf______ 29. puppy_____ _30. wish___31. knife_______ 32. fly______ 33.fox_____ 34. bus___ _____35. bench____36. brush_____ 37.church_____38.dish_____ 39.ruler______ 40.party_____41.glass_____42.pencil______43.boy______ 44.zoo______ 45.man_____46. roof_______ 47.shop_____ 48. life____ _ 49.lady________ 50.key______ 51.side______ 52.watch______53.bamboo____54.city_____55.family____56.apple_______57.eraser____58.speech______59.mouse_____60.fish____61.goose_______62. people _____63.ox_____ 64. mouth ______ 65.deer _____66.friend______ 67.library _____ 68.oth_______ 69.hero_____ 70.boss______71.donkey______ 72.radio _______73. horse _____ 74. dog _______ 75 monkey___ 76 text________ 77 Chinese____ 78 Japanese___ 79. factory _____ 80.half______81.German______82.country_____83.toy_______ 84. pear_________85. test______86. army_______87. hour_______88.__________89. dinosaur _____ 90.Italian____91.inventor___92.musician____93.scientist____94.accident______95.pear_____96.professor____97.shelf________98.season____99.trip_________100. play______

四、 寫出下列名詞的複數形式

1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed

9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo

16、army_ 17、tomato ___ 18、fox

19、woman 20、knife


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