任何地方的人都喜歡例外的天氣。冷的時候喜歡溫暖，熱的時候又需要涼爽。人們無法忍受急劇升高的溫度，藝術品也是一樣。這些簡單的觀察結果對阿布扎比盧浮宮形成了重要影響。它所創造的是一個沉靜而親切的、充滿光影和映射的空間。它期望自己屬於國家，屬於它自身的歷史與地理環境，而非某種令人厭倦的、約定俗成的轉譯或者贅言。它期望展現的是一種別處所沒有的迷人魅力。——讓·努維爾
All climates like exceptions. Warmer when it is cold. Cooler in the tropics. People do not resist thermal shock well. Nor do works of art. Such elementary observations have influenced the Louvre Abu Dhabi. It wishes to create a welcoming world serenely combining light and shadow, reflection and calm. It wishes to belong to a country, to its history, to its geography without becoming a flat translation, the pleonasm that results in boredom and convention. It also aims at emphasizing the fascination generated by rare encounters. – Jean Nouvel
基於傳統的阿拉伯建築文化，普利茲克獎得主讓·努維爾為阿布扎比盧浮宮找到了其獨有的內涵。通過對場地語境的考量，努維爾將其打造成了一座海洋中的“博物館之城”。一系列鮮明的白色體量源於麥地那及阿拉伯地勢低窪的房屋。這座“城市”共計有55棟獨立建築，其中包含了23間畫廊。建築群的立面由3900塊高性能纖維混凝土（UHPC）構成。
Pritzker-prize winning architect Jean Nouvel sought inspiration for the concept of Louvre Abu Dhabi in traditional Arabic architectural culture. Taking a contextual approach to the site, Nouvel designed Louvre Abu Dhabi as a ‘museum city’ in the sea. Its contrasting series of white buildings take inspiration from the medina and low-lying Arab settlements. In total, 55 individual buildings, including 23 galleries, make up this museum city. The façades of the buildings are made up of 3,900 panels of ultra-high performance fibre concrete (UHPC).
直徑達180米的巨大圓形穹頂覆蓋了博物館之城的主體，從海洋、附近區域乃至阿布扎比都可以清楚地看到它的存在。這座穹頂由來自奧地利的專業鋼結構公司Waagner Biro建造，包含8層結構：4個不鏽鋼外層，以及4個鋁製內層，並由5米高的鋼架進行劃分。鋼架由10000個結構部件構成，預先裝配在85個超大尺寸的結構當中，每個結構重量可達50噸。
A vast dome, 180 metres in diameter, covers the majority of the museum city and is visible from the sea, the surrounding areas and Abu Dhabi city. This dome was constructed by the Austrian company Waagner Biro who specialize in steel structures. The dome consists of eight different layers: four outer layers clad in stainless steel and four inner layers clad in aluminium separated by a steel frame five metres high. The frame is made of 10,000 structural components pre-assembled into 85 super-sized elements, each weighing up to 50 tonnes.
穹頂的複雜紋理以極其深入的幾何學研究為基礎，在製作期間，讓·努維爾工作室的建築設計團隊與BuroHappold Engineering的結構工程師們進行了密切的合作。穹頂上的圖案在八個重疊的層面上以多種尺寸和角度重複排布，使射入的每一束光線都必先經過八個層次的過濾，然後逐漸淡出。隨著日照路徑的變化，穹頂最終呈現出一種夢幻的效果。夜裡，穹頂的圖案將形成7850顆星星，將室內與室外同時點亮。以“光之雨”為名，這一現象在建造過程中被運用到眾多模型和原型之中，同時也成為了設計概念中最典型的特徵之一。
The dome’s complex pattern is the result of a highly studied geometric design. It involved close collaboration between the architectural design team at Ateliers Jean Nouvel and the structural engineers at BuroHappold Engineering. The pattern is repeated at various sizes and angles in the eight superimposed layers. Each ray of light must penetrate the eight layers before appearing then disappearing. The result is a cinematic effect as the sun’s path progresses throughout the day. At night, it forms 7,850 stars visible from both inside and out. Named the ‘rain of light’, this effect has been the subject of many models and mock-ups over the years and is one of the defining features of the concept.
整個穹頂只用了4座墩柱進行支撐，每座的間隔為110米。這些墩柱被隱藏在建築內部，從而使穹頂呈現出漂浮的感覺。從首層地面到室內天花板的底端，穹頂的內部高度為29米。穹頂最高點的海拔為40米，高於首層平面36米。博物館的設計結合了傳統和現代的建造技術。寧靜的氛圍使參觀者得以盡情享受陽光和穹頂，以及海洋、建築和陸地之間不斷變化的關係。複雜的工程設計更讓阿布扎比盧浮宮成為當代最具創新性和挑戰性的博物館項目之一。
The dome is supported by only four permanent piers, each 110 metres apart. These are hidden within the museum buildings to give the impression that the dome is floating. The interior dome elevation is 29 metres from the ground floor to the underside of the cladding. The highest point of the dome is 40 metres above sea level and 36 metres above ground floor level. The museum design is a collaboration between traditional design and modern construction techniques. The tranquil environment encourages visitors to enjoy the ever-changing relationship between the sun and the dome and between sea, buildings and land. The complex engineering concept made Louvre Abu Dhabi one of the most innovative and challenging museum projects to be built in recent times.
室內展覽空間 | Interior exhibition spaces
室內展覽空間共計8600平方米，包含博物館畫廊、臨時展覽空間以及兒童博物館。其中博物館畫廊佔6400平方米，陳列了大約600件藝術品。兒童博物館共有2層，約200平方米，是為最年輕的參觀者們特別準備的展覽區域。
The interior exhibition spaces, comprising museum galleries, temporary exhibition spaces and Children’s Museum, make up 8,600 square metres. The museum galleries incorporate approximately 6,400 square metres and showcase approximately 600 artworks. The two-stories-Children’s Museum completes the ensemble with approximately 200 square metres specially laid out for Louvre Abu Dhabi’s youngest visitors.
博物館畫廊 | Museum galleries
博物館畫廊的地面、牆壁和屋頂表面皆由讓·努維爾工作室專門設計，使阿布扎比盧浮宮的宏偉氣度進一步得到加強。地面上鋪設著鑲有銅製邊框的石板，在每間畫廊中，石材的選擇皆呼應了展品誕生的年代。牆壁則提供了靈活的懸掛系統：所有輔助性的構件皆隱藏在特製的牆壁凹槽之內。
Specially designed by Ateliers Jean Nouvel, the floors, walls and ceiling surfaces of the museum galleries re-enforce the palatial dimensions of Louvre Abu Dhabi. The floor paving is made of stone modules framed in bronze: throughout the galleries, the choice of stone responds to the period of the artworks on show. The walls provide hanging flexibility: all subsidiary equipment may be concealed within special wall slots.
牆面上能夠環視周圍風景的窗戶加上屋頂的天窗，共同使被過濾的自然光充斥著所有的畫廊。玻璃鏡片的使用將光線捕捉並導向畫廊內部，並通過散射避免了刺眼的眩光。畫廊內共有17座玻璃屋頂，每座皆是由18種不同的玻璃板構成，共計使用了25000塊獨立的玻璃板材。玻璃天花板使自然光和人造光融為一體，為展出的藝術品帶來最為理想的照明系統。
Filtered natural light can be present in all the galleries, either from lateral windows with views onto the surrounding environment or through zenithal lighting. This involves the use of glass mirrors to capture sunlight and direct it into the gallery spaces while also scattering rays to avoid glare. There are 17 glass ceilings within the museum galleries. Each is made up of 18 different types of glass panels. In total, there are over 25,000 individual pieces of glass. These glass ceilings incorporate both natural and artificial lighting to provide an optimal lighting system for the artworks on display.
為了滿足畫廊內部嚴苛的環境調控需求，設計團隊開發出了一套系統，使室溫維持在21攝氏度（上下浮動不超過1攝氏度），同時溼度的變化範圍不超過5%，從而為藝術品和參觀者提供了極為穩定的環境條件。火警探測與抑制系統也經過了精確計算，使藝術品免於收到損害。
To meet stringent environmental control requirements within the museum galleries, the design team developed a system which cannot deviate by more than one degree from 21 degrees centigrade or 5% humidity range. This guarantees exceptionally stable environmental conditions for artworks and visitors. Fire detection and suppression systems within the galleries require special measures in order to avoid damage to the artwork.
環境 | Environmental features
基於建築的自然形態和材料的固有性能，被動式的設計手法使氣候條件得到了進一步改善，最終成功地減少了42%的陽光輻射、27.2%的能源消耗以及27%的用水量。阿布扎比盧浮宮以LEED銀級認證為目標，同時得到了阿聯酋綠色建築條例的3珍珠等級。防水系統方面，最初施工基於挖方抽水得以建設，建設完成後水泵停止工作，設置在博物館四周的水池被灌滿海水，博物館重新漂浮於海面之上。博物館設計還考慮了海洋極端氣候的威脅，設置了多處防波堤，以保護建築和廣場不被風暴襲擊。
Passive design techniques use the natural form of buildings and inherent properties of materials to improve climatic conditions. Together, these techniques achieve the following benefits: 42% reduction in solar gain; 27.2% reduction in energy use; 27% reduction in water use; Louvre Abu Dhabi’s design is targeting a LEED Silver rating and has achieved a 3 pearl Estidama Design Rating. At the beginning of the construction process, the museum was built within a dry dock. Construction of the dry dock began with the installation of a rock embankment, technically known as a revetment. This created a new, temporary coastline on the south-west corner of Saadiyat Island, which was then backfilled using sand pumped from the sea bed. Louvre Abu Dhabi is protected from the open sea by approximately 280 marine piles as well as concrete breakwaters, tidal pools and a specially designed ‘wearing wall’ system.
佈局圖和立面圖 plans and sections：
結構圖 structures：
建築師：Ateliers Jean Nouvel
地址：薩迪亞特文化區， 阿布扎比，阿拉伯聯合酋長國
首席建築師：Ateliers Jean Nouvel
建築師合夥人：Hala Warde
建築面積：97000.0 平方米
項目年份：2017年
攝影師：Roland Halbe, Abu Dhabi Tourism & Culture Authority, Fatima Al Shamsi, Mohamed Somji
藝術委員會：Jenny Holzer Giuseppe Penone
項目負責人：Jean-François Bourdet, Anna Ugolini (rchitecture / Interior Design / Museography); Sabrina Letourneur, Frédéric Imbert (Design); Damien Faraut, Athina Faraut (Construction)
高級建築師：Rolando Rodriguez-Leal, Mireia Sala Font, Anne Traband, Michal Treder, Natalia Wrzask
設計團隊：Raphael Renard, Reda Slaoui, Youssef Tohme, Qiang Zou, Stefan Zopp, Kris Geldolf, Roula Akiki, Alessandro Balducci, Jessica Caldi, Camille Dauty, Mark Davis, Stacy Eisenberg, Marion Foucault, Steven Fuhrman, Virginie Heckle, Stéphanie Menem, Abel Patacho, Miguel Reyes, Kathryn Stutts, Jordi Vinyals, Sébastien Yeou, Mariam Abuebeid, Sara Al Sawi, Kelly Anastassiou, Donna Ashraf, Jessica Caldi, Daniella De Almeida, Fay El Mutwalli, Maryam Hosny, Zaina Khayyat, Youmna Najjar
室內設計：Eric Nespoulous / JND
效果圖：Artefactory (Eric Anton), Jugulta Le Clerre, Clément Oudin, Raphael Renard
平面設計：Rafaelle Ishkinazi, Marie Maillard, Léo Grunstein, Clovis Vallois
工程師：ARUP (Concept Design); BuroHappold, Transsolar (Schematic Design); Andrew Snalune (Façades); BuroHappold (Construction)
博物館技術學：Renaud Pierard
標識：Philippe Apeloig, Kristian Sarkis
照明設計：8’18”
透視法、多媒體：dUCKS scéno
景觀設計：Michel Desvigne, Jean-Claude Hardy
音響效果：Studio DAP
成本顧問：MDA Consulting
抗震設計：Setec
模型製作：Jean-Louis Courtois
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