【往期回顧】

今天我們接著來看第67課的“每課一句”。

一、課文原文

Lesson 67 Volcanoes

Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

——選自《新概念英語》第二冊，外語教學與研究出版社，1997年10月第1版

二、每課一句

He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.

注意本句話中的“a river of liquid rock”，這是暗喻手段的運用。

暗喻（Metaphor），也叫隱喻，是不用as或like等比喻詞，而把甲事物直接當做乙事物來描述的修辭手法。也就是說，這種比喻手法只有本體（Tenor）和喻體（Vehicle）。其句子結構有：

1、本體+to be+喻體

He is a pig. 他就是頭豬。（英語文化裡，豬常用來喻指指骯髒、貪吃的人。）

句中的he是本體，a pig是喻體，作者把‘他’比作了‘豬’。

2、喻體+of+本體

I fall upon the thorns of life! 我落入生活的荊棘之中！

句中的本體是life，喻體是the thorns，作者把‘生活’比作了‘荊棘’。

3、用動詞或形容詞表比喻

動詞：He thundered in his sonorous organ tones. 他大發雷霆地怒吼。

句中的動詞thunder是用來描述雷聲的，但作者卻用它來描述人的聲音，即把人的‘怒吼’比作了‘雷鳴’。

形容詞：I have got one of my Sahara thirsts on tonight. 今晚我又覺得像撒哈拉沙漠那樣乾渴。

句中的形容詞是指撒哈拉沙漠，但作者卻用它修飾‘乾渴’，即把人的乾渴程度比作了撒哈拉沙漠般。

三、更多拓展

Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently.

注意這句話中的was able to並不是表示“能做某事或會做某事”，而是指“費了好大勁才得以做成某事”，這是be able to do與can do的主要區別之一。

此外，be able to do往往表示“擅長做某事”，而can do更多隻是表示“能或會做某事”。