腳本寫的好，下班下得早！程序員的日常工作除了編寫程序代碼，還不可避免地需要處理相關的測試和驗證工作。

例如，訪問某個網站一直不通，需要確定此地址是否可訪問，服務器返回什麼，進而確定問題在於什麼。完成這個任務，如果一味希望採用編譯型語言來編寫這樣的代碼，實踐中的時間和精力是不夠的，這個時候就需要發揮腳本的神奇作用！

毫不誇張的說，能否寫出高效實用的腳本代碼，直接影響著一個程序員的幸福生活[下班時間]。下面整理 8 個實用的 Python 腳本，需要的時候改改直接用，建議收藏！

1.解決 linux 下 unzip 亂碼的問題。

import os
import sys
import zipfile
import argparse
s = '\\\\x1b[%d;%dm%s\\\\x1b[0m' 
def unzip(path):
 file = zipfile.ZipFile(path,"r")
 if args.secret:
 file.setpassword(args.secret)
 for name in file.namelist():
 try:
 utf8name=name.decode('gbk')
 pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 except:
 utf8name=name
 pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 #print s % (1, 92, ' >> extracting:'), utf8name
 #pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 if not os.path.exists(pathname) and pathname != "":
 os.makedirs(pathname)
 data = file.read(name)
 if not os.path.exists(utf8name):
 try: 

 fo = open(utf8name, "w")
 fo.write(data)
 fo.close
 except:
 pass
 file.close()
def main(argv):
 ######################################################
 # for argparse
 p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='解決unzip亂碼')
 p.add_argument('xxx', type=str, nargs='*', \\
 help='命令對象.')
 p.add_argument('-s', '--secret', action='store', \\
 default=None, help='密碼')
 global args
 args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])
 xxx = args.xxx
 for path in xxx:
 if path.endswith('.zip'):
 if os.path.exists(path):
 print s % (1, 97, ' ++ unzip:'), path
 unzip(path)
 else:
 print s % (1, 91, ' !! file doesn\\'t exist.'), path
 else:
 print s % (1, 91, ' !! file isn\\'t a zip file.'), path
if __name__ == '__main__':
 argv = sys.argv
 main(argv)

2.統計當前根目錄代碼行數。

# coding=utf-8
import os
import time
# 設定根目錄
basedir = './'
filelists = []
# 指定想要統計的文件類型
whitelist = ['cpp', 'h']
#遍歷文件, 遞歸遍歷文件夾中的所有
def getFile(basedir): 

 global filelists
 for parent,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(basedir):
 for filename in filenames:
 ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
 #只統計指定的文件類型，略過一些log和cache文件
 if ext in whitelist:
 filelists.append(os.path.join(parent,filename))
#統計一個的行數
def countLine(fname):
 count = 0
 # 把文件做二進制看待,read.
 for file_line in open(fname, 'rb').readlines():
 if file_line != '' and file_line != '\\n': #過濾掉空行
 count += 1
 print (fname + '----' , count)
 return count
if __name__ == '__main__' :
 startTime = time.clock()
 getFile(basedir)
 totalline = 0
 for filelist in filelists:
 totalline = totalline + countLine(filelist)
 print ('total lines:',totalline)
 print ('Done! Cost Time: %0.2f second' % (time.clock() - startTime))

3.掃描當前目錄和所有子目錄並顯示大小。

import os
import sys 
try:
 directory = sys.argv[1] 
except IndexError:
 sys.exit("Must provide an argument.")
dir_size = 0 
fsizedicr = {'Bytes': 1,
 'Kilobytes': float(1) / 1024,
 'Megabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024),
 'Gigabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)}
for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(directory): 
 for file in files: 
 filename = os.path.join(path, file)
 dir_size += os.path.getsize(filename)  

fsizeList = [str(round(fsizedicr[key] * dir_size, 2)) + " " + key for key in fsizedicr] 
if dir_size == 0: print ("File Empty") 
else:
 for units in sorted(fsizeList)[::-1]: 
 print ("Folder Size: " + units)

4.將源目錄240天以上的所有文件移動到目標目錄。

import shutil
import sys
import time
import os
import argparse
usage = 'python move_files_over_x_days.py -src [SRC] -dst [DST] -days [DAYS]'
description = 'Move files from src to dst if they are older than a certain number of days. Default is 240 days'
args_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage=usage, description=description)
args_parser.add_argument('-src', '--src', type=str, nargs='?', default='.', help='(OPTIONAL) Directory where files will be moved from. Defaults to current directory')
args_parser.add_argument('-dst', '--dst', type=str, nargs='?', required=True, help='(REQUIRED) Directory where files will be moved to.')
args_parser.add_argument('-days', '--days', type=int, nargs='?', default=240, help='(OPTIONAL) Days value specifies the minimum age of files to be moved. Default is 240.')
args = args_parser.parse_args()
if args.days < 0:
\targs.days = 0
src = args.src # 設置源目錄
dst = args.dst # 設置目標目錄
days = args.days # 設置天數
now = time.time() # 獲得當前時間
if not os.path.exists(dst):
\tos.mkdir(dst)
for f in os.listdir(src): # 遍歷源目錄所有文件
 if os.stat(f).st_mtime < now - days * 86400: # 判斷是否超過240天
 if os.path.isfile(f): # 檢查是否是文件
 shutil.move(f, dst) # 移動文件

5.掃描腳本目錄，並給出不同類型腳本的計數。

import os\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t 

import shutil\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
from time import strftime\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
logsdir="c:\\logs\\puttylogs"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
zipdir="c:\\logs\\puttylogs\\zipped_logs"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
zip_program="zip.exe"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
for files in os.listdir(logsdir):\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\tif files.endswith(".log"):\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\t\tfiles1=files+"."+strftime("%Y-%m-%d")+".zip"\t\t
\t\tos.chdir(logsdir) \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\t\tos.system(zip_program + " " + files1 +" "+ files)\t
\t\tshutil.move(files1, zipdir)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t 
\t\tos.remove(files)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.下載Leetcode的算法題。

import sys
import re
import os
import argparse
import requests
from lxml import html as lxml_html
try:
 import html
except ImportError:
 import HTMLParser
 html = HTMLParser.HTMLParser()
try:
 import cPickle as pk
except ImportError:
 import pickle as pk
class LeetcodeProblems(object):
 def get_problems_info(self):
 leetcode_url = 'https://leetcode.com/problemset/algorithms'
 res = requests.get(leetcode_url)
 if not res.ok:
 print('request error')
 sys.exit()
 cm = res.text
 cmt = cm.split('tbody>')[-2]
 indexs = re.findall(r'(\\d+)', cmt)
 problem_urls = ['https://leetcode.com' + url \\
 for url in re.findall(
 r'(.+?)", cmt) 

 tinfos = zip(indexs, levels, problem_urls)
 assert (len(indexs) == len(problem_urls) == len(levels))
 infos = []
 for info in tinfos:
 res = requests.get(info[-1])
 if not res.ok:
 print('request error')
 sys.exit()
 tree = lxml_html.fromstring(res.text)
 title = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:title"]/@content')[0]
 description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="description"]/@content')
 if not description:
 description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:description"]/@content')[0]
 else:
 description = description[0]
 description = html.unescape(description.strip())
 tags = tree.xpath('//div[@id="tags"]/following::a[@class="btn btn-xs btn-primary"]/text()')
 infos.append(
 {
 'title': title,
 'level': info[1],
 'index': int(info[0]),
 'description': description,
 'tags': tags
 }
 )
 with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'wb') as g:
 pk.dump(infos, g)
 return infos
 def to_text(self, pm_infos):
 if self.args.index:
 key = 'index'
 elif self.args.title:
 key = 'title'
 elif self.args.tag:
 key = 'tags'
 elif self.args.level:
 key = 'level'
 else:
 key = 'index'
 infos = sorted(pm_infos, key=lambda i: i[key])
 text_template = '## {index} - {title}\\n' \\
 '~{level}~ {tags}\\n' \\
 '{description}\\n' + '\\n' * self.args.line
 text = ''
 for info in infos:
 if self.args.rm_blank:
 info['description'] = re.sub(r'[\\n\\r]+', r'\\n', info['description'])
 text += text_template.format(**info)
 with open('leecode problems.txt', 'w') as g: 

 g.write(text)
 def run(self):
 if os.path.exists('leecode_problems.pk') and not self.args.redownload:
 with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'rb') as f:
 pm_infos = pk.load(f)
 else:
 pm_infos = self.get_problems_info()
 print('find %s problems.' % len(pm_infos))
 self.to_text(pm_infos)
def handle_args(argv):
 p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='extract all leecode problems to location')
 p.add_argument('--index', action='store_true', help='sort by index')
 p.add_argument('--level', action='store_true', help='sort by level')
 p.add_argument('--tag', action='store_true', help='sort by tag')
 p.add_argument('--title', action='store_true', help='sort by title')
 p.add_argument('--rm_blank', action='store_true', help='remove blank')
 p.add_argument('--line', action='store', type=int, default=10, help='blank of two problems')
 p.add_argument('-r', '--redownload', action='store_true', help='redownload data')
 args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])
 return args
def main(argv):
 args = handle_args(argv)
 x = LeetcodeProblems()
 x.args = args
 x.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
 argv = sys.argv
 main(argv)

7.將 Markdown 轉換為 HTML。

import sys
import os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import markdown
class MarkdownToHtml:
 headTag = ''
 def __init__(self,cssFilePath = None):
 if cssFilePath != None:
 self.genStyle(cssFilePath)
 def genStyle(self,cssFilePath):
 with open(cssFilePath,'r') as f:
 cssString = f.read()
 self.headTag = self.headTag[:-7] + '<style>{}/<style>'.format(cssString) + self.headTag[-7:]
 def markdownToHtml(self, sourceFilePath, destinationDirectory = None, outputFileName = None):
 if not destinationDirectory:
 # 未定義輸出目錄則將源文件目錄(注意要轉換為絕對路徑)作為輸出目錄 

 destinationDirectory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sourceFilePath))
 if not outputFileName:
 # 未定義輸出文件名則沿用輸入文件名
 outputFileName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sourceFilePath))[0] + '.html'
 if destinationDirectory[-1] != '/':
 destinationDirectory += '/'
 with open(sourceFilePath,'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
 markdownText = f.read()
 # 編譯出原始 HTML 文本
 rawHtml = self.headTag + markdown.markdown(markdownText,output_format='html5')
 # 格式化 HTML 文本為可讀性更強的格式
 beautifyHtml = BeautifulSoup(rawHtml,'html5lib').prettify()
 with open(destinationDirectory + outputFileName, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
 f.write(beautifyHtml)
if __name__ == "__main__":
 mth = MarkdownToHtml()
 # 做一個命令行參數列表的淺拷貝，不包含腳本文件名
 argv = sys.argv[1:]
 # 目前列表 argv 可能包含源文件路徑之外的元素（即選項信息）
 # 程序最後遍歷列表 argv 進行編譯 markdown 時，列表中的元素必須全部是源文件路徑
 outputDirectory = None
 if '-s' in argv:
 cssArgIndex = argv.index('-s') +1
 cssFilePath = argv[cssArgIndex]
 # 檢測樣式表文件路徑是否有效
 if not os.path.isfile(cssFilePath):
 print('Invalid Path: '+cssFilePath)
 sys.exit()
 mth.genStyle(cssFilePath)
 # pop 順序不能隨意變化
 argv.pop(cssArgIndex)
 argv.pop(cssArgIndex-1)
 if '-o' in argv:
 dirArgIndex = argv.index('-o') +1
 outputDirectory = argv[dirArgIndex]
 # 檢測輸出目錄是否有效 

 if not os.path.isdir(outputDirectory):
 print('Invalid Directory: ' + outputDirectory)
 sys.exit()
 # pop 順序不能隨意變化
 argv.pop(dirArgIndex)
 argv.pop(dirArgIndex-1)
 # 至此，列表 argv 中的元素均是源文件路徑
 # 遍歷所有源文件路徑
 for filePath in argv:
 # 判斷文件路徑是否有效
 if os.path.isfile(filePath):
 mth.markdownToHtml(filePath, outputDirectory)
 else:
 print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)

8.文本文件編碼檢測與轉換。

import sys
import os
import argparse
from chardet.universaldetector import UniversalDetector
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = '文本文件編碼檢測與轉換')
parser.add_argument('filePaths', nargs = '+',
 help = '檢測或轉換的文件路徑')
parser.add_argument('-e', '--encoding', nargs = '?', const = 'UTF-8',
 help = '''
目標編碼。支持的編碼有：
ASCII, (Default) UTF-8 (with or without a BOM), UTF-16 (with a BOM),
UTF-32 (with a BOM), Big5, GB2312/GB18030, EUC-TW, HZ-GB-2312, ISO-2022-CN, EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, ISO-2022-JP,
ISO-2022-KR, KOI8-R, MacCyrillic, IBM855, IBM866, ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-2, windows-1250, EUC-KR,
ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-1, windows-1252, ISO-8859-7, windows-1253, ISO-8859-8, windows-1255, TIS-620
''')
parser.add_argument('-o', '--output',
 help = '輸出目錄')
# 解析參數，得到一個 Namespace 對象
args = parser.parse_args()
# 輸出目錄不為空即視為開啟轉換, 若未指定轉換編碼，則默認為 UTF-8 

if args.output != None:
 if not args.encoding:
 # 默認使用編碼 UTF-8
 args.encoding = 'UTF-8'
 # 檢測用戶提供的輸出目錄是否有效
 if not os.path.isdir(args.output):
 print('Invalid Directory: ' + args.output)
 sys.exit()
 else:
 if args.output[-1] != '/':
 args.output += '/'
# 實例化一個通用檢測器
detector = UniversalDetector()
print()
print('Encoding (Confidence)',':','File path')
for filePath in args.filePaths:
 # 檢測文件路徑是否有效，無效則跳過
 if not os.path.isfile(filePath):
 print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)
 continue
 # 重置檢測器
 detector.reset()
 # 以二進制模式讀取文件
 for each in open(filePath, 'rb'):
 # 檢測器讀取數據
 detector.feed(each)
 # 若檢測完成則跳出循環
 if detector.done:
 break
 # 關閉檢測器
 detector.close()
 # 讀取結果
 charEncoding = detector.result['encoding']
 confidence = detector.result['confidence']
 # 打印信息
 if charEncoding is None:
 charEncoding = 'Unknown'
 confidence = 0.99
 print('{} {:>12} : {}'.format(charEncoding.rjust(8),
 '('+str(confidence*100)+'%)', filePath))
 if args.encoding and charEncoding != 'Unknown' and confidence > 0.6: 

 # 若未設置輸出目錄則覆蓋源文件
 outputPath = args.output + os.path.basename(filePath) if args.output else filePath
 with open(filePath, 'r', encoding = charEncoding, errors = 'replace') as f:
 temp = f.read()
 with open(outputPath, 'w', encoding = args.encoding, errors = 'replace') as f:
 f.write(temp)

最後兩個腳本內容選至實驗樓的課程《使用 Python3 編寫系列實用腳本》，課程對這兩個腳本有詳細的實現過程講解，感興趣的同學可以直接前往實驗樓進行學習！