微生態護膚——皮膚屏障修復的新高度

微生態護膚——皮膚屏障修復的新高度

浙江喜美恩健康管理有限公司 邵華

眾所周知,皮膚是人體最大的器官,也是人體防禦外部傷害的最外層屏障。起初,人們認為皮膚僅是一層被動的、無意識的機械防護屏障,但隨著科學研究的深入,人們逐漸發現皮膚是能感知危險信號,並對入侵病原體採取適當防禦措施的具有主動活性的器官。在2018年Cell Press出版的《Trends in Immunology》雜誌中,發表了一篇關於皮膚屏障和皮膚免疫力的文章《Cutaneous Barriers and Skin Immunity: Differentiating A Connected Network》。文章著重論述了皮膚四層屏障(微生物屏障、化學屏障、物理屏障和免疫屏障)的不同功能特點、他們之間的互相聯繫、以及由此組成的完整屏障體系和強大防禦體系。

The skin is the outermost barrier of the organism that ensures protection from external harm. Lately, our view of the skin has evolved from an inert mechanical barrier to an active organ that can sense danger signals and mount perfectly adapted defense measures in response to invading pathogens. This Review highlights the different levels of the cutaneous barrier (the microbiome, chemical, physical, and immune barriers), their characteristics, and functional, highly interconnected network of cells and mediators that allow balanced defense measures to protect the body and maintain barrier integrity[1].

微生態護膚——皮膚屏障修復的新高度

其實關於皮膚微生物群與皮膚屏障、皮膚疾病的關係,在近幾年國內雜誌中已相繼有不少報道。皮膚微生物群是指定植在皮膚上的所有微生物,包括細菌、病毒、真菌等。許多常見皮膚病的發生都與皮膚微生物相關,如脂溢性皮炎、痤瘡、特應性皮炎、銀屑病等[2]。相關研究顯示,皮膚常駐菌具有佔位保護作用,有層次有序地定植在皮膚上,猶如一層生物屏障,使致病菌及外籍菌無法立足於皮表。同時其可分解皮脂甘油三酯為脂肪酸,形成乳化皮脂膜,既對自身及表皮角質形成細胞具有營養作用,又可防止皮表水分蒸發[3]。皮膚微生態系統在保護皮膚的健康狀態中起到了不可忽視的作用。建立健康的表皮生物膜、激活人體抗菌肽和引入益生元等方式,是強化皮膚屏障的新手段。如個人護理品中使用的低聚果糖(FOS)和低聚半乳糖(GOS)就是著名的益生元,可以被皮膚有益菌使用,而不被致病菌利用[4]。以乳桿菌與雙歧桿菌為代表的益生菌,作為新一代皮膚病抗菌治療的生物製劑,已經具備替代抗生素療法的潛力。微生物製劑療法逐漸成為研究者們關注的焦點[5]。

喜美恩公司作為一家專注於護膚品研發和銷售的公司,長期以來一直致力於問題肌膚的研究和解決,尤其在敏感肌的舒緩和屏障修復方面,聯合國際專業研發實驗室,秉承前沿護膚理念,甄選全球高品質原料,在修復系列產品中引入微生態護膚的理念,採用菊粉(FOS)和α-葡聚糖寡糖(GOS)等益生元成分,以及乳酸桿菌/豆漿發酵產物濾液、芽孢桿菌發酵產物等益生素成分,強化微生物屏障的保護和修復。

微生態護膚——皮膚屏障修復的新高度

在傳統概念裡,皮膚屏障主要指的是皮脂膜加角質層的物理屏障。而《Cutaneous Barriers and Skin Immunity: Differentiating A Connected Network》一文中專門論述了皮膚的四層不同屏障及其主要功能。“微生物屏障”是皮膚屏障的最外層。皮膚表層的微生物群落組成了這層活躍、有效的“第一反應屏障”以應對外界環境狀況。皮膚細胞、皮膚免疫系統和皮膚菌群間的三重聯繫實現了微生物屏障的功能性。“化學屏障”包含著維持皮膚表面酸性pH值的因子和“天然保溼因子(NMF)”。“物理屏障”主要包括角質層、緊密連接體系(即常說的“磚牆結構”)以及它們的調節功能(調節表皮水分流失TEWL)。“免疫屏障”代表了皮膚屏障的最後部分,表皮和真皮中有著各種免疫細胞。常駐免疫細胞進一步促進屏障修復和維持肌膚平衡狀態。免疫屏障的細胞分佈在全部皮膚上,因此,免疫屏障與其他皮膚屏障又高度相關聯。

The microbiome barrier is the outermost layer of the cutaneous barriers. The microbial communities on the skin also constitute a living and ideal first response barrier to environmental factors. They act as a border post and transmit external signals to the functional immune network of the skin. The outcome of this threefold crosstalk between skin cells, the skin immune system, and skin microbiota determines the functionality of the macrobiotic barrier.

Commonly, the ‘chemical barrier’ comprises factors that contribute to the acidic surface pH and compounds that together comprise the ‘natural moisturizing factor’ (NMF) .

Important parts of the physical barrier are the SC and the system of tight junctions (TJ) and their regulation. The contents of those granules fill the acellular space of the SC, which is often referred to as ‘mortar between bricks’. These intercellular lipids provide a tight and effective barrier that also regulates trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) .

The immune barrier represents the final part of the cutaneous barrier and comprises a variety of resident immune cells populating the epidermis and dermis. Resident immune cells further contribute to barrier repair and homeostasis. Given that cells of the immune barrier are distributed all over the skin, this barrier is highly interconnected with other levels of the cutaneous barrier[1].

微生態護膚——皮膚屏障修復的新高度

同時,文章還進一步強調:不同程度的屏障受損都會導致微生物生態失衡。因此,微生物屏障是皮膚屏障密不可分的一部分。皮膚屏障層次的多樣性、可塑性和靈活性,以及巨大的再生潛力,一定程度上都依賴於功能健全的微生物屏障。通過微生物成分的調節來精準管理屏障功能是一種前瞻性的方法,甚至還可以干預疾病的發展。

Barrier disruption at different levels results in microbial dysbiosis. Therefore, microbiome barrier is an integrated part of the cutaneous barriers. The diversity of the components of the cutaneous barriers, their plasticity and flexibility, together with their enormous potential to regenerate, partly rely on a well-functioning microbiome barrier. Precise orchestration of cutaneous barrier functioning through regulation of the microbial composition is a promising approach to use to intervene with disease development[1].

微生態護膚——皮膚屏障修復的新高度

隨著越來越多皮膚疾病的發生,不同程度導致屏障功能的破壞,而屏障功能的破壞又進一步加重這些皮膚病甚至成為新問題產生的誘因。皮膚屏障的作用不言而喻,修復屏障也成為了皮膚病治療環節中的重要一環。在各類皮膚疾病的《診療指南》、《專家共識》中,也都強調修復屏障的重要性,強調合理使用護膚品的必要性。而屏障修復需要滿足兩個條件:一個是組織的自愈能力,一個是微生物屏障的修復。雖然皮膚的自愈過程已廣為人知,但微生物屏障的修復卻還需要進一步的深入研究。

To restore barrier integrity, two prerequisites have to be fulfilled: initiation of tissue healing and restoration of the microbiome barrier. Whereas wound-healing responses are largely well understood, the restoration of the microbiome barrier is not and, therefore, is currently under intensive investigation[1].

微生態護膚——皮膚屏障修復的新高度

喜美恩明星修復系列,在結合前沿理念,注重微生態護膚的基礎上,與“屏障修復明星”神經酰胺、天然保溼因子(NMF)以及免疫調節修復的β-葡聚糖等成分,做到全方位、多層次修復屏障,真正從源頭維護皮膚健康!

微生態護膚——皮膚屏障修復的新高度

參 考 文 獻

[1] Stefanie Eyerich. et al. Cutaneous Barriers and Skin Immunity: Differentiating A Connected Network [J]. Trends in Immunology, 2018,39(4):315-327. dol:10.1016/j.it.2018.02.004

[2] 閆慧敏,姜薇.人類皮膚微生物群和皮膚疾病[J].中國皮膚性病學雜誌,2015,29(12):1292-1294

[3] 方紅.皮膚微生態的研究進展[J].中華皮膚科雜誌,2014,47(1):1-3

[4] 孫琦.皮膚微生物組對強化皮膚屏障的作用[J].生物化工,2017,3(6):116-120

[5] 馬晨,張和平.皮膚微生物與益生菌在皮膚疾病診療中的應用[J].食品科學,2016,37(9):269-273


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