一、中考試題中的冠詞
近幾年中考對冠詞的考查重點是不定冠詞a和an的區別，定冠詞及零冠詞。對冠詞的習慣用法的考查是主要考點之一，所以對此類用法一定要熟記在心。另外在學習中，應充分重視對最基本的冠詞知識的理解、掌握，同時注意冠詞活用的問題。做題時要弄清句子中的單數名詞、複數名詞或不可數名詞及泛指、特指等概念。預計今年命題趨勢仍可能是定冠詞與不定冠詞的區別和冠詞的習慣用法。
【知識梳理】
冠詞是一種虛詞，不能在句子中作獨立成分，要用在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物。它不能離開名詞而單獨存在，因此，可以說冠詞就是名詞的一種標誌。在英語中，冠詞分為不定冠詞(a和an)和定冠詞(the)兩種：不定冠詞一般用於單數名詞前，表示泛指；定冠詞既可修飾可數名詞(單複數均可)，又可修飾不可數名詞，表示特指。
考點一：不定冠詞
1、不定冠詞a 和an的用法區別：a用在單詞發輔音開首的單詞前，an用在單詞發元音開首的單詞前。如：
a book, a desk, a pen, a doctor, a house ，an enemy, an accident, an animal, an egg
但注意：an hour, a useful tool
2、不定冠詞的用法：
（1）表示人、事和物中的某一類或某類中任何一個。
A horse is a useful tool.
A dog runs faster than a goat.
（2）泛指某人或某事物
An old man is sitting on the chair.
（3）表示one 或every，但概念上沒有它們那樣強烈。當表示one的意思時，一般不用two, three等相對比。如：Every elephant has a long nose. Take this medicine three times a day.
（4）用於某些固定詞組中。
a few, a bit, a lot of, in a hurry, at a time, all of a sudden, many a, a little, a couple of, as a matter of fact, in a word, have a good time, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, in a way, have a word with, make a living, take a pride in, take a walk, a great deal of, catch a cold.
（5）用在某些抽象名詞前，表示“一種，一類，一場，一陣”等
She was caught in a heavy rain.
It was a wonderful tea.
That is a great disappointment.
3、不定冠詞的特殊用法：
（1）與有或沒有形容詞修飾的抽象名詞前，表示具體一個“人或物”。
He received a good education.
Thank you, Jim. You have done a kindness.
Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
The meeting held yesterday was a success.
To advise him is a waste of time.
（2）偶爾與專有名詞連用，表示某種特定意思。表示類似的一個或某一個（a certain）
a Mr Black a living Lei Feng
A Mr. Smith wants to see you.
（3）與形容詞最高級連用，表示強調，不表最高級。
The Huanghe River is a longest river in China.
The story is a most interesting one.
（4）用在有形容詞修飾的一日三餐、季節和日期前
Before I go to work every morning, I’ve a light breakfast.
The traffic accident happened on a Sunday to the end of the July.
（5）用於序數詞前，表示“再一，又一”而不表順序。
How important it is to learn a second language.
The fisherman cast a third net.
（6）表示類別，有any, per之意，a(n)不必譯成漢語，此時a(n)可改為the或不用冠詞（但必須用名詞複數形式）。
His income is one thousand yuan a month.
A camel is a useful animal. = Camels are useful animals.
（7）不定冠詞用於一些原來是動詞的名詞前。
Let’s have a look around the playground after supper.
have a rest / walk / swim / talk … (have = take)
give a shout / whistle / loud laugh …
make a drive / move …
（8）用在同源賓語中。
Now we are living a happy life.
Last night I dream a terrible dream.
考點二：定冠詞
冠詞the的用法：
1、用於特指（基本用法）。表示某一或某些特定的人或事物。
She stayed at home and cleaned the house.
He saw a book on the table in his room.
The boys in this school wear blue shirts.
2、用於雙方都知道的名詞前。
What do you think of the film?
Close the door, please.
Let’s go and give it to the policeman.
3、用於世界上獨一無二的事物名詞前。
Which is farther from the earth, the sun or the moon?
4、用於第二次提到的事物前。
Mr Wang has a son and the son is a driver.
There is a book on the desk. The book is John’s.
5、與單數名詞連用，表示一類（同a或an）
The panda is very lovely. = A panda is very lovely. = Pandas are very lovely.
6、用於最高級前（與不定冠詞不同 = very），以及對兩人或事物進行比較時起特定作用的比較級前。
the first / second, the tallest, the most important,
the taller of the two boys, the more interesting of the two books
7、用於序數詞前。
the first boy the third student 區別a third student
8、用於有定語修飾的名詞前。
the writing desk the man standing there
9、用於樂器名詞前。
Do you like playing violin?
10、用於普通名詞構成的專有名詞之前，表示國家、當派、團體、組織機構、單位、報刊、條約、朝代、江河湖泊海洋、山川、群島等。
the United States the People’s Republic of China the Youth League， the Yellow River, the People’s Daily, the Tang Dynasty, the Philippines, the History Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Taiwan Straits
11、與某些形容詞、分詞連用表示某一類人。
the rich, the poor, the sick, the wounded
12、用於姓氏複數之前，表示全家或夫婦二人。
the Turners the Wangs the Browns
13、用於世紀的某年代。 in the 1980s (in the 1980’s)
14、用於方位名詞前。
Shanghai is in the east of China.
Japan lies to the east of China.
15、用於發明物的單數名詞前。
Who invented the telephone?
16、用於某些表示國家和民族的形容詞前，泛指全體。這些詞通常以-sh, -ch, -ese結尾。
the English, the French, the Chinese
17、用於表示數量的名詞前。
They sold eggs by the dozen.
They were paid by the hour.
18、用於某些詞組和習語中。
in the morning in the end at the age of
on the other hand, in the daytime
19.用於句型:主語+ pat (strike/hit/catch/touch) +sb+介詞+the+接觸部位
He hit Tom in the face.
The teacher patted the boy on the head.
考點三：零冠詞及特例
1、非特指的物質名詞和抽象名詞前。
paper bravery
Water boils at 100℃.
Knowledge begins with practice.
但，這些詞被限定時，要用冠詞，當表示個體事物或“一種、一場、一份”等含義時，前面加不定冠詞。
The milk in the bottle has gone bad.
Do you want a coffee?
What do you think of the work?
He has a good knowledge of English.
2、不含有普通名詞的專有名詞前。
China, Beijing, Mary, Peter
但有限定性、描繪性定語修飾時，用定冠詞；當表示“像…那樣的人或事物”，“有個名叫……的人”時用不定冠詞。
The England of those years was an England in turmoil(動亂).
“Hurry up!” said the anxious Tom.
He wishes to be an Edison.
A Mr. White came to see you this morning.
3、表示語言的名詞前。
We are studying English.
4、可數名詞前已經有了物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格等修飾限定時。
This book is very cheap.
Is this Mr. Wang’s dictionary?
5、由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前多要加“the” 但也有的一些不用。
Tian An Men Square Chang An Avenue
Nanjing Road Bei Hai Park Beijing University
6、在含有“day”節假日前。在中國傳統節假日一般有the
New Year Day, May Day,
the Spring Festival the Dragon Boat Festival the Mid-autumn Festival the Double Ninth Festival the Lantern Festival
7、用作稱呼或表示獨一無二頭銜、職稱等做表語、不足語、同位語時以及稱呼。
Mr Liu is Chairman of our club.
Go there, boy.
What shall I do next, Mother?
In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States.
8、表示季節、月份、週日的名詞前；但季節等被限定定語修飾時，用定冠詞。星期前加不定冠詞表示“某一個…”。
In the spring of 2006, a Tuesday in September
9、在球類、棋類、學科等表運動的名詞前和三餐前。
What did you have for breakfast? Do you like mathematics?
She is fond of playing basketball.
但在breakfast, lunch, supper前通常有描繪性形容詞等修飾時，要加不定冠詞。
He had a wonderful supper.
10、複數名詞表示一類人或物時。 Horses are useful animals.
11、當bike, car, taxi, bus, train, boat, ship, plane等與介詞by連用時，表示一種交通手段時，不用冠詞。
Did you come back by plane or by train?
但也可用介詞in, on等或與動詞搭配。這時名詞前要有修飾語。come in a car take a bus, on the train
還有by water, by land, by sea, by air也可表示交通手段。
12、turn, go 表示“變成”, 其後接名詞時。
turn writer = become a writer go socialist = become a socialist
13、當兩個名詞疊用或一對相反（近）的名詞連用時。
experiment after experiment hand in hand day and night step by step side by side
day after day husband and wife day by day soul and heart
14、兩個名詞指同一人時，前一名詞有a(n)， 而後一名詞卻沒有。
He is a poet and novelist.
15、在kind of 或kinds of 等結構中，後面的名詞一般不用加冠詞，但是kind前可根據需要加冠詞。
He likes three kinds of book(s).
然而，有時也可加冠詞的情況。如：
What kind of a man is he? (... kind of a …意為“怎樣的一個或一種……”)
類似的結構還有：sort(s) of, type(s) of, class(es) of, form(s) of, variety (varieties) of 它們都表示一種或數種事物，後面的名詞都不加冠詞。
16、man作“人類”講時，同human, mankind一樣，不用加冠詞。
Man has existed for thousands of years.
17、在以“普通名詞（或形容詞最高級）+ as / though開始的讓步狀語從句中，前面不用冠詞。
Child as he is, he knows a lot. Shortest though he is, he runs fastest in our class.
18、在某些獨立結構中不用冠詞。
He went into the forest, gun in hand. The teacher came into the classroom, ruler under arm.
19、在某些固定搭配中。
go to school at night by train at first make room for
in fact on foot after school in town in ink / pen
on purpose in danger / trouble / surprise / silence at present
on show in order by chance / accident
20、有無冠詞意義不同：
（1）不定冠詞：
in word 口頭上 in a word 總而言之
of age 成年 of an age 同齡
have words with 爭吵 have a word with 談話
with child 懷孕 with a child 帶著孩子
（2）定冠詞：
on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上
at table 進餐 at the table 在餐桌旁
at school 求學 at the school 在學校
go to school 去上學 go to the school 到學校去
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在醫院裡
in place of 代替 in the place of 在…..位置上
in office 執政 in the office 在辦公室裡
take place 發生 take the place of 取代
in possession of 擁有 in the possession of被……擁有
in charge of 負責／掌握 in the charge of 由……負責／被掌握
out of question 不成問題 out of the question 根本不可能
in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……內的前面
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