反意疑問句相當於“對不對?”“好不好?”“行不行?”,用yes或 no 回答。由兩部分組成,前一部分是陳述句,後一部分是附加疑問短語,中間用逗號隔開,所以反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句。
形式:肯定的陳述句+否定的附加疑問,或否定的陳述句+肯定的附加疑問。
例如:
He studies English, doesn’t he?
He doesn’t study English, does he?
They are from America, aren’t they?
They are not from America, are they?
反意疑問句的主要形式:
1、如果主句是be或其他助動詞(如can, shall, will 等),其反意疑問句用同一助動詞。
如:
We are late, aren’t we?
You haven’t met my wife, have you?
He can drive a car, can’t he?
They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) they?
You’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you?
2、如果主語帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定詞或半否定詞時,因為主句本身具有否定意義,附加疑問部分的動詞用肯定式,
如:
We seldom go to the cinema, do we?
Sue almost never worked, did she?
3、如果主句部分是 “I am…”結構,由於”am not” 沒有相應的縮略形式,附加疑問部分一般用aren’t I 代替。
如:
I am your friend, aren’t I?
I’m late, aren’t I?
I am a student, aren’t I?
在祈使句中的附加疑問部分一般用will you, won’t you.
4、在祈使句中的附加疑問部分一般用will you, won’t you.
如:
Sit down, will you?
Have some tea, won’t you?
Open the window, won’t you?
這種句子可以理解為: Will you do something?
如:Will you open the window?
注意:否定的祈使句之後,只能用will.
如:
Don’t forget, will you?
Don’t make so much noise, will you?
5、以Let’s… 開頭的祈使句,肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或OK?, 如:
Let’s go back to our seats, shall we?
Let’s not have hot food this time, OK? (all right?)
這種句子可以理解為:Shall we (do something?),
如:Shall we go back to our seats.這樣有助於理解和記憶。
注意:Let’s 與Let us 的區別:Let’s包括聽話人在內,應用shall we, 而Let us 不包括聽話人在內,表示“請你讓我們…”,要用will you.
如:
Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we? (表示建議)
Let us watch the news on TV, will you? (表示請求)
6、主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等時,附加疑問部分則往往與that 從句中的主語和謂語動詞保持對應關係,但要注意否定的轉移。
如:
I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?
(這句話明顯是要問“你是不是知道?”而不是問“我是不是這樣認為?”)
I don’t think that you have read the book, have you?
7、當主句的動詞have 表示“擁有”時,附加疑問既可用have, 也可用do,
如:
You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you?
當主句的have不表示“擁有”而表示其他意思時,附加疑問要用do,
如:
You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you?
They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?
8、There be句型的反意疑問句,用there 作主語。
如:
There is something wrong, isn’t there?
There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不會有任何麻煩,是嗎?
9、陳述部分的主語是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代詞時,其疑問部分的主語可用he, 也可用they.
如:
Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?
英語反意疑問句的回答有點和漢語的相反。但一定要記住:只要回答是肯定的,都用yes,只要回答是否定的,都用no。這在主句是否定句的時候要特別注意。
例如:
Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?No, he can’t.瓊斯先生不會講法語,對嗎?對,他不會講法語。
Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?Yes, he can.瓊斯先生不會講法語,對嗎?不,他會講法語。
This is not a door, is it? -Yes, it is. It is an iron door.這不是門,對嗎?不,這是門,是扇鐵門。
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