日常生活中大家一定見過各式各樣的英文縮略詞,諸如:ATM/EMS/GPS/VIP等。觀看綜藝節目時很可能見過VCR情節,美劇愛好者則必定見過FBI/CIA等詞,港劇中則會時不時出現ICAC。
這些都屬於英語中的縮略詞用法,其作用在於實現語言表達的簡潔性。本文彙總整理了最常見的英文縮略詞以及英文句子表達中常見縮寫用法,拿出你的筆記本開始學習吧……
英文縮略詞
1
電子科技類
IT:信息技術(Information Technology)
PC:個人電腦(Personal Computer)
APP:應用程序(Application)
CPU:中央處理器(Central Processing Unit)
www:環球信息網/萬維網(World Wide Web)
WiFi:無線網絡/無線保真技術(Wireless Fidelity)
CD:光盤/激光唱片(Compact Disk)
DJ:音樂節目主持人(Disc Jockey)
TEL:電話機(Telephone)
VCD:錄像光盤(Video Compact Disk)
DVD:數字錄像光盤(Digital Video Disk)
VCR:盒式磁帶錄像(Video Cassette Recorder)
MV:音樂短片(Music Video)
KTV:卡拉OK(Karaok TV)
TV:電視(TeleVision)
GPS:全球定位系統(Global Positioning System)
ETC:不停車收費系統(Electronic Toll Collection)
ABS:防鎖死剎車系統(Antilock Brake System)
SUV:運動型多用途轎車(Sport Utility Vehicle)
BRT:快速公交系統(Bus Rapid Transit)
LRT:輕軌公交系統(Light Rail Transit)
ATM:自動取款機(Automatic Teller Machine)
2
國家/地區及國際組織類
PRC:中華人民共和國(The People's Republic of China)
HK:香港(Hong Kong)
JP:日本(Japan)
KR:韓國(Korea)
UK:英國(United Kingdom)
US:美國(United States)
USA:美國(United States of America)
RUS:俄羅斯(Russia)
SGP:新加坡(Singapore)
EU:歐洲聯盟/歐盟(European Union)
UN:聯合國(United Nations)
WTO:世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization)
WHO:世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)
CIA:美國中央情報局(Central Intelligence Agency)
FBI:美國聯邦調查局(Federal Bureau of investigation)
FDA:食品藥品監督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)
ICAC:廉政公署(Independent Commission Against Corruption)
OPEC:石油輸出國組織/歐佩克(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
3
機構/公司和協會類
EMS:郵政特快專遞(Express Mail Service)
PLA:中國人民解放軍(People's Liberation Army)
CCTV:中國中央電視臺(China Central Television)
CBA:中國籃球協會(Chinese Basketball Association)
NBA:美國籃球協會(National Basketball Association)
BBC:英國廣播公司(British Broad-casting Corporation)
VOA:美國之音(Voice of America)
IOC:國際奧委會(International Olympic Committee)
ISBN:國際標準書號(International Standard Book Number)
4
其他常見雜類縮寫
Ad:廣告(Advertisement)
Add:地址(Address)
BBQ:燒烤(Barbecue)
DIY:自己動手/自助服務(Do it Yourself)
ET:外星人(Extra Terrestrial)
ID:身份證(Identification Card)
IQ:智商(Intelligence Quotient)
EQ:情商(Emotional Quotient)
PE:體育(Physical Education)
No.:號碼/編號(Number)
KFC:肯德基(Kentucky Fried Chicken)
DNA:遺傳基因組織(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
GMT:格林威治時間或國際標準時間(Greenwich Mean Time)
GDP:國內生產總值(Gross Domestic Product)
OMG:我的上帝/我的天哪(Oh My God)
SOS:求救信號(Save Our Soul)
UFO:不明飛行物(Unknown Flying Object)
VIP:重要人物/貴賓(Very Important Person)
WC:廁所(Water Closet)
Mr.:先生(Mister)
Ms.:女士(Mrs. or Miss)
Mrs.:夫人/太太(Mistress)
AD:公元(Anno Domini)
BC:公元前(Before Christ)
AM:上午(Ante Meridiem)(before noon)
PM:下午(Post Meridiem)(afternoon)
CEO:首席執行官(Chief Executive Officer)
CFO:首席財務官 (Chief Finance Officer)
COO:首席運營官(Chief Operating Officer)
CTO:首席技術官 (Chief Technology Officer)
PhD:博士(Philosophy Doctor)
MBA:工商管理碩士(Master of Business Administration)
MPA:公共管理碩士(Master of Public Administration)
5
國內銀行縮寫
中國人民銀行:PBC(The People's Bank of China)
中國建設銀行:CCB(China Construction Bank)
中國農業銀行:ABC(Agriculture Bank of China)
中國工商銀行:ICBC(Industrial & Commercial Bank of China)
中國銀行:BOC(Bank of China)
交通銀行:BCM(Bank of Communications)
招商銀行:CMB(China Merchants Bank)
6
星期/月份縮寫
星期一:Mon.(Monday)
星期二:Tues.(Tuesday)
星期三:Wed.(Wednesday)
星期四:Thur.(Thursday)
星期五:Fri.(Friday)
星期六:Sat.(Saturday)
星期天:Sun.(Sunday)
一月:Jan.(January)
二月:Feb.(February)
三月:Mar.(March)
四月:Apr.(April)
五月:無簡寫(May)
六月:Jun.(June)
七月:Jul.(July)
八月:Aug.(August)
九月:Sep.(September)
十月:Oct.(October)
十一月:Nov.(November)
十二月:Dec.(December)
7
計量單位縮寫
克 G(Gram)
公斤 KG(Kilogram)
公噸 MT(Metric Ton)
米 M(Metre)
釐米 CM(Centimetre)
毫米 MM(Milimetre)
公里 KM(Kilometre)
碼 Yd.(Yard)
英尺 Ft.(Foot)
英寸 In.(Inch)
升 L(Litre)
毫升 ML(Millilitre)
加侖 Gal(Gallon)
千瓦 KW(Kilowatt)
馬力 HP(Horse Power)
平方米 Sq.m(Square metre)
立方米 Cu.m(Cubic metre)
小時 Hr.(Hour); 分 Min.(Minute); 秒 Sec.(Second)
英文句子表達常見縮寫
1
not相關的否定縮寫
通常在原詞後加n’t,若原詞以n結尾,直接加’t 。
1、系動詞 + not:
isn’t = is not;wasn’t = was not
aren’t = are not;weren’t = were not
注意:am not一般不縮寫。
2、助動詞 + not:
don’t = do not;doesn’t = does not
didn’t = did not;haven’t = have not
hasn’t = has not;hadn’t = had not
3、情態動詞 + not:
can’t = can not;couldn’t = could not
won’t = will not;wouldn’t = would not
shouldn’t = should not
◆例句
1、Tom isn’t my brother. = Tom is not my brother.(湯姆不是我的弟弟。)
2、He didn’t come back. = He did not come back.(他沒有回來。)
3、She can’t finish the work alone. = She can not finish the work alone. (她無法獨自完成工作。)
2
人稱代詞+系動詞的縮寫
am縮寫成’m,are縮寫成’re,is縮寫成’s。
I’m = I am;he’s = he is;she’s = she is
you’re = you are;we’re = we are
they’re = they are;there’re = there are
there’s = there is;that’s = that is;it’s = it is
注意:this is一般不縮寫。
◆例句
1、I’m a teacher. = I am a teacher.(我是老師。)
2、They’re my friends. = They are my friends.(他們是我的朋友。)
3、There’s a book in my bag. = There is a book in my bag.(我包裡有一本書。)
3
疑問詞+系動詞的縮寫
Who’s = Who is;Who’re = Who are
How’s = How is;How’re = How are
When’s = When is;When’re = When are
What’s = What is;What’re = What are
Where’s = Where is;Where’re = Where are
◆例句
1、How's your family? = How is your family?(你的家人都好嗎?)
2、What’s the matter? = What is the matter?(你怎麼了?)
3、Where’re you going? = Where are you going?(你要去哪?)
4
助動詞的相關縮寫
have縮寫成’ve,has縮寫成’s,had縮寫成’d。
I've = I have;You've = You have;
He's = He has;She's = She has;It's = It has
We've = We have;They've = They have
I’d = I had;you’d = you had;He'd = He had;She'd = She had
It'd = It had;We'd = We had;They'd = They had
◆例句
1、I’ve got a job. = I have got a job.(我找到了一份工作。)
2、We've been married for one year. = We have been married for one year.(我們結婚一年了。)
3、He'd never learned to read. = He had never learned to read.(他一直沒有學會閱讀。)
5
情態動詞的相關縮寫
will縮寫成’ll,would縮寫成’d。
I’ll = I will;you’ll = you will
she’ll = she will;he’ll = he will
we’ll = we will;they’ll = they will
I’d = I would;you’d = you would
she’d = she would;he’d = he would
we’d = we would;they’d = they would
◆例句
1、I’ll see you tomorrow. = I will see you tomorrow.(明天見。)
2、He'll study harder. = He will study harder.(他將更加努力學習。)
3、They’d like to come with us. = They would like to come with us.(他們想和我們一起去。)
6
其他縮寫
1、Let’s ...=Let us ...
2、My name’s ...=My name is ...
◆例句
1、Let's go to the cinema together.=Let us go to the cinema together.(我們一起去看電影。)
2、My name’s Gina.=My name is Gina.(我的名字叫吉娜。)
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