先做一下下面兩道試題，如果感覺吃力，請你認真學習本文，如果你感覺簡單，答案又正確的話，請直接跳過，不過可能還會吃虧，因為我今天的知識點非常重要，我的講義裡例句都是經典的，許多地方都是意想不到的考點。最好還是認認真真地看看本文吧，嘿嘿。
1、Mary ____ my letter ;otherwise she would have replied before now.
A has received B ought to have received
C couldn't have received
D shouldn't have received
2、where have you been?
I______in the heavy traffic,otherwise I_______here earlier.
A got stuck; would have come
B got stuck ;was
C have got stuck ;would have come
D had got stuck; would come
1、otherwise可表示含蓄虛擬的條件，主句用陳述語氣（該聲明時態用聲明時態），從句用虛擬語氣用would have done形式表達.
如：We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we would have given you a hand.
我們當時不知道你遇到了困難,要不然我們會幫助你的.
除了otherwise（否則，要不然）以外,能夠表示這種虛擬條件的詞和短語還包括：but that（要不是）、without（沒有）or（不然）、under．．．circumstances（在……的情況下）、in the past（在過去）等等.
Luckily he reminded me. Otherwise I'd have forgotten all about it.
虧他提醒了我，要不我早忘了。
He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.
他提醒了我, 要不然（如果沒有提醒我）我就會把這件事給忘了。
His advice has made the design better than it would otherwise have been.
他的建議使得這個設計要比它本該是(如果未採納他的建議)的樣子要好。
My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.
我父母借錢給我了。否則，我可付不起這次旅費。
We're committed to the project. We wouldn't be here otherwise.
我們是全心全意投入這項工作的，否則我們就不會到這裡來了。
2、注意：otherwise與or的區別
otherwise用於表示否定條件，指如果不做某事，就會發生不好的事，含告誡、威脅之意，語氣強於 or。
Shut the window, otherwise it'll get too cold in here.
把窗戶關好，不然屋子裡就太冷了。
Don't move, otherwise I'll kill you [ you'll be shot dead].
不許動，要不我就崩了你。
Be modest, otherwise you will lag behind.
要謙虛，否則就要落後。
Do it now, otherwise you'll be fired.
現在就做，否則就解僱你。
Hands up, otherwise you will be shot.
舉起手來，否則就斃了你。
Put your coat on, otherwise you'll catch a cold.
穿上外套，不然你會感冒的。
or詞義同 otherwise，但語氣較弱，多用於口語，也可與 else 合用。
〔例證〕
Get away, or (else) I'll call the cops.
滾開，不然我就打電話叫警察了。
Hurry up or (else) we'll be late.
抓緊時間，不然的話我們就要遲到了。
答案：1、C ；2、A
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