四、原因狀語從句
要點: 由連詞because, since, as, in that 引導, 也可由for, now that 等詞引導
1. I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
我昨天沒去上學，因為我生病了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都來了, 讓我們開始開會吧.
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
既然你身體不好, 你就不該熬夜.
4.I asked her to stay to tea,for I had something to tell her.
我請她留下來喝茶,因為我有事要告訴她.
for I had something to tell her.I asked her to stay to tea
注：for引導的從句不能放在主句前面。
五、目的狀語從句
要點： 目的狀語從句由連詞so that, so…that…. , in order that , such…that,such that, only to, too….to…., in order to, so as to, lest, for fear that, in case (that) 引導。
1.so that 以至, 以便
1、I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
我將慢慢跑以至你能趕上我。
2、The boy is so young that he can’t go to school
這個男孩如此小以至於不能上學
3、He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。
4、His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
他待人那麼厚道，我們永遠不會忘記他
5、He returned after the war, (only) to find that his wife had left him.
他戰後歸來，只發現妻子已離他而去
6、The boy is too young to go to school.
這男孩年齡太小，不能上學。
7、I got up early this morning in order to catch the first bus.
我早早起床是為了趕上第一趟公共汽車
8、I got up early this morning so as to catch the first bus
9、in order that=so that:為了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.
不久我們將會讓你知道詳情,以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的)
10、in case (that), in case of 的of是介詞，介詞後面只能帶名詞性質的詞，比如名詞、代詞等。意思和in case差不多，萬一的意思 In case of rain they can't go.
11、Take an umbrella with you in case that it rain .帶上一把傘，以免下雨
12、He worked hard for fear that he might be fired by the boss.
他拼命地幹活惟恐被老闆解僱。
Put on a coat for fear of catching a cold. 穿上外衣以免感冒。
比較：so和 such
其規律由so與such的不同詞性決定。1、such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 2、so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many, few, much, little(這四個形容詞表多或表少時)連用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish /such a fool
so nice a flower /such a nice flower
so many / few flowers/ such nice flowers
so much / little money. /such rapid progress
so many people /such a lot of people
（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當於 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that與such…that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
六、讓步狀語從句
要點: 表示讓步的狀語從句由連詞 though, although引導.
though, although當雖然講, 都不能和but連用. Although,(though)…but的格式是不對的.但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. 所以though ,(although)…yet(still)的格式是正確的.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
雖然他很富有, 然而他並不快樂.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
儘管我們已經長大了,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩.
1) as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：
a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b. 句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
2) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever" whatever --no matter what
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。
（錯）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（對）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現在說什麼也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
（對）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯們只能給什麼吃什麼。
七、比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句(adverbial clause of comparison)從某種角度上說，它也是一種方式狀語從句，它通常可和以下關聯詞來引導as(或so)...as, than,according as, in proportion as等。如：
肯定結構：as...as...否定結構not…so…as, not…. as…as
He woke up assuddenlyashe had fallen asleep. 他醒來得和入睡一樣突然。(
第一個as是副詞)I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. 我從未見過像那個二月那麼多雨。(否定結構常用so…as, 也可用as... as)
than
Man developed earlier than people think. 人類的出現比人們所想的要早。
He moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行動起來比他妹妹慢。
The youth of today are better off than we used to be. 今天的年輕人比我們過去的境況要好。
according as
You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己決定。
You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 你受表揚還是責備得看你的工作好壞決定。
in proportion as比例
Men are happy in proportion as they are virtuous.
人之幸福與德行成正比。
Some people are happy in proportion as they are noticed.
有些人越受到注意就越高興。
倍數表達法有三種：
倍數＋原級 倍數＋比較級 倍數＋名詞短語
例如: 和---三倍一樣長
1. three times as long as
2. three times longer than
3. three times the length of
再如：和---四倍一樣寬
1. four times as wide as
2. four times wider than
3.four times the width of
3、no more than只不過(嫌少的意思)
1、I have no more than two pens.
我只有兩支筆。
2、It’s no more than a mile to the shops.
去商店不過一英里。
not more than不如……；(前者不如後者)
1、Jack is not more diligent than John.
捷克不如約翰勤奮。
2、one of the + 名詞(複數)….之一(用於最高級)
Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.
韓梅是我們學校最好的學生之一。
八、方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1） as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後，但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用於正式文體，例如：
1、Always do to the others asyou would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
2、As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
3、Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2） as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
1、They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實，就彷彿它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
2、He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
3、It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）
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