高中英語 詞法專題 主謂一致

高中英語 詞法專題 主謂一致

一.就近原則

1. 由並列結構或連詞(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)連接的並列主語,謂語動詞與較近的那個名詞或代詞保持一致。

Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home.

2. 在倒裝句和there be句型中,謂語動詞與後面的第一個主語保持一致。

There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk.

There ______(come) the bus.

3. 在定語從句中,關係代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。

I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.

4. 在強調句中,連接代詞又在句中作主語,這時它應與被強調的主語保持一致。

It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.

二.意義一致原則

1. 當主語與謂語動詞之間插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短語時,謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。

I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month.

2. 由“what”引導的名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式。

What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”.

3. “…+ (of) +名詞”作主語時,若“of”後的名詞為單數(不可數名詞),則謂語動詞用單數,如果名詞為複數,則謂語動詞用複數。

Most of the water here ______(be) clean.

80% of cotton ______(have) been sent to America.

Half of the apples ______(be) red.

4. 詞組“a number of”作主語時,謂語動詞應用複數;“the number of”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。

A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war.

The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year.

5. 英語的集體名詞(family, public, group, team, class等詞),指代“整體”時為單數;指代“其中的各成員”則為複數。

My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl.

My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming.

三.整體原則

1. 從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時謂語動詞用單數。

When to leave _____(have) not been decided.

Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.

注:如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上)的名詞性從句,謂語動詞常用複數。

What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night .

2. 如果兩個以上的名詞組成一個整體概念作主語時,謂語動詞須用單數。

The novelist and poet _____(be) going to Europe next year.

The novelist and the poet_____(be) going to Europe next year.

3. 表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時,通常被視作整體,謂語動詞用單數。

10 minutes_____(be)enough.

4. 加減乘除等數學運算謂語動詞通常用單數。

2 and 3 ______5.

5.“the +姓氏名詞的複數”表示“一家人、….夫婦”,作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式。

The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China.

四.個體原則

1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。

Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working.

2. 英語句中的each, either, neither等詞,作代詞充當主語,修飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。

Neither of us _____(have) been abroad. Neither answer _____(be) wrong.

3. 由some, any every, no構成的複合詞(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。

Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate.

4. 成雙成對出現的複數名詞(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主語時,通常謂語動詞用複數,但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等詞語時,則謂語動詞要與量詞(pair, suit, piece )在單複數上保持一致。

A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.

Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk.

5. 以複數形式出現,卻表示單數意義(maths, physics, news …)謂語用單數。

Maths_____(be) my favorite subject.

6.“the +形容詞(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一類人”,作主語時,謂語用複數。

The young ______(like) listening to popular songs.

7.“the +姓氏的複數” 表示“某某夫婦,某某一家人”,作主語時,謂語用複數。

The Greens _______(be)having lunch now.


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