2018年高考考前詞彙夯實、方法指導、故事分享（7）
前期回顧：
（1）a.知識點歸納：愛瘋英語
b. 方法指導：精準備考語法填空
c.故事分享：
A friend in need is a friend indeed
You can't please everyone
（2）a. 詞彙夯實：易混淆的80組單詞
b. 方法指導：
語法,詞彙填空,句法,邏輯,語境
c. 故事分享：
The important things in life
Live and Work
（3）a. 詞彙夯實：
英語聽力十大必備場景詞彙
英語聽力常用詞彙
b. 方法指導：
訓練做到這三點，聽力輕鬆得滿分
提高英語聽力的八點建議
c. 故事分享：
Give time to our family
The Last Cab ride
（4）a. 詞彙夯實：340條英語詞組
b. 方法指導：答題時間分配/考點/策略
c. 故事分享：Hospital window
（5） a. 詞彙夯實：
傳統文化詞彙、相關話題作文預測
b. 方法指導：句式升級十大技巧
c. 故事分享：
A glass of Milk, paid in Full
美文欣賞： 做人，一定要把字寫好
（6）a. 詞彙夯實：
常考不規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞
b. 詞性轉換、39個高級替換詞
c. 方法指導：
如何實現完形填空的“完”?
高考考試的8個環節，絕不能出錯！
故事分享：Don't Hope... Decide
(本期)
a. 詞彙夯實：
高考英語易混易錯詞彙大集合（1-100）
b. 方法指導：
高考英語短文改錯最全套路
c. 故事分享：Keep Your Dream
一、詞彙夯實
高考英語易混易錯詞彙大集合（1-100）
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes統指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠是複數，
cloth指布，為不可數名詞
clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用
a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident指小事件,
accident指不幸的事故
He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount後接不可數名詞，
number後接可數名詞
a number of students
4. family, house, home
home 家，包括住處和家人，
house房子，住宅，
family家庭成員.
My family is a happy one.
5. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各種各樣的聲音，
voice人的嗓音，
noise噪音
I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing
photo用照相機拍攝的照片，
picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，
drawing畫的畫
Let's go and see a good picture.
7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary詞彙，一個人擁有的單詞量，
word具體的單詞
He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people
population人口，人數，
people具體的人
China has a large population.
9. weather, climate
weather一天內具體的天氣狀況，
climate長期的氣候狀況
The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way
road具體的公路，馬路，
street街道，
path小路，小徑，
way道路，途徑
take this road; in the street,
show me theway to the museum.
11. course, subject
course課程（可包括多門科目），
subject科目（具體的學科）
a summer course
12. custom, habit
custom傳統風俗，習俗，也可指生活習慣，後接to do，
habit生活習慣，習慣成自然，後接of doing.
I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事實或現象的直接原因，後接of sth./doing sth，
reason用來解釋某種現象或結果的理由，後接forsth./doing sth.
the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise運動，鍛鍊（不可數），
exercises練習（可數），
practice（反覆做的）練習
Practicemakes perfect.
15. class, lesson
作"課"解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson.
指班級或全體學生用class.lesson 6; class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共場所所做的經過準備的較正式的演說，
talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，
lecture學術性的演講，講課 a seriesof lectures on…
17. officer, official
officer部隊的軍官，
official政府官員
an armyofficer
18. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可數，job可數
a goodjob
19. couple, pair
couple主要指人或動物，
pair多指由兩部分組成的東西
a pair of trousers
20. country, nation, state, land
country側重指版圖，疆域，
nation指人民，國民，民族，
state側重指政府，政體，
land國土，國家
Thewhole nation was sad at the news.
21. cook, cooker
cook廚師，cooker廚具
He is a good cook.
22. damage, damages
damage不可數名詞, 損害，損失;
damages複數形式, 賠償金
$900 damages
23. police, policeman
police警察的總稱，後接複數謂語動詞，
policeman 指某個具體的警察
The police are questioning everyone in the house.
24. problem, question
problem常和困難連繫，前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise；
question常和疑問連繫，多和ask,answer連用
25. man, a man
man人類，a man一個男人
Man will conquer nature.
26. chick, chicken
二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當雞肉
Thechicken is delicious.
27. telegram, telegraph
當電報解時，telegram指具體的，
telegraph指抽象的
a telegram, by telegraph
28. trip, journey, travel, voyage
travel是最常用的，
trip指短期的旅途，
journey指稍長的旅途，
voyage指海上航行
athree-day trip
29. sport, game
sport多指戶外的遊戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；
game指決定勝負的遊戲，通常有一套規則
His favorite sport is swimming.
30. price, prize
price價格，
prize獎，獎品，獎金
win the first prize The price is high/low.
31. a number of, the number of
a number of許多，謂語動詞用複數。
the number of…的數目，謂語動詞用單數。
The number of students is increasing.
32. in front of, in the front of
in front of範圍外的前面，
in the front of範圍內的前面
In thefront of the room sits a boy.
33. of the day, of a day
of the day每一天的，當時的，當代的，
of a day暫時的，不長久的
a famousscientist of the day
34. three of us, the three of us
three of us我們（不止三個）中的三個，
the three of us我們三個（就三個人）
The threeof us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
35. by bus, on the bus
by bus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，
on the bus表範圍
Theywent there by bus.
36. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment 片刻，一會兒，
for themoment暫時，一時
Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
37. next year, the next year
next year將來時間狀語，
the next year過去將來時間狀語
He saidhe would go abroad the next year.
38. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year一年多，
more thanone year超過一年（兩年或三年等）
39. take advice, take the(one's) advice
take advice徵求意見，
take the advice接受忠告
He refused to take the advice and failedagain.
40. take air, take the air
take air傳播，走漏，
take the air到戶外去，散步
We take the air every day.
41. in a word, in words
in a word總之，一句話，
in words口頭上
In a word, you are right.
42. in place of, in the place of
in place of 代替，
in the place of在…地方
A newbuilding is built in the place of the old one.
43. in secret, in the secret
in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語；
in the secret知道內情，知道秘密，一般用作表語
My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
44. a girl, one girl
a girl可泛指所有女孩,
one girl一個女孩
Can one girl carry such a big box?
45. take a chair, take the chair
take a chair相當於
sitdown坐下，
takethe chair開始開會
46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
go to sea當海員，出航，
by sea乘船，由海路，
by the sea在海邊
go by sea
47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the doctor and teacher指一個人，既是醫生又是老師，
the doctor and the teacher兩個人，一個醫生和一個老師
the doctor and teacher is
48. in office, in the office
in office在職的，
in the office在辦公室裡
He is in office, not out of office.
49. in bed, on the bed
in bed臥在床上，
on the bed在床上
The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.
50. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of管理，負責照料，
in the charge of由……照料
He is incharge of the matter.
The matter is in the charge of her.
51. in class, in the class
in class在課上，
in the class在班級裡
He is the best student in the class.
52. on fire, on the fire
on fire著火,onthe fire在火上
Put the food on the fire.
The house is on fire.
53. out of question, out of the question
out of question毫無疑問的，
out of the question不可能的
54. a second, the second
a second又一，再一，
the second第……
He won the second prize.
55. by day, by the day
by day白天，
by the day按天計算
The workers are paid by the day.
56. the people, a people
the people指人，
a people指民族
The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
57. it, one
it同一物體，one同類不同一
I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
58. that, this
that指代上文所提到的，
this導出下文所要說的
I was ill. That'swhy…
59. none, nothing, no one
none強調有多少，
nothing,no one強調有沒有，
nothing指物，no one指人
--- How many…/How much…?
--- None.
60. anyone, any one
anyone指人，不能接of，
any one指人物均可，可接of
anyone of you
61. who, what
who指姓名或關係，
what指職業或地位
What is your dad? He is a teacher.
62. what, which
what的選擇基礎是無限制的，
which在一定範圍內進行選擇
Which doyou prefer, bananas or apples?
63. other, another
other後接名詞複數，
another後接名詞單數
other students, another student
64. not a little, not a bit
not a little非常，
not a bit一點也不
I'm not a bit tired. 我一點兒也不累。
65. many, much, a lot of
many和可數名詞連用，
much和不可數名詞連用，
a lot of可數，不可數均可，但不用於否定句
I haven't many books.
66. much more…than, many more…than
much more…than後接形容詞或不可數名詞，
many more…than後接可數名詞
many more people,
much more water,
much more beautiful
67. no, not
no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend
no water=not any water
68. no more than, not more than
no more than相當於only，僅僅，只有，
not morethan 至多，不超過
69. majority, most
majority只能修飾可數名詞，
most可數不可數均可
the majority of people
70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
by oneself單獨的，獨自的，
for oneself為自己，
to oneself供自己用的，
of oneself 自行的
71. at all, after all
at all根本，全然,
after all到底，畢竟
After all he is a child.
72. tall, high
tall常指人或動物，high常指物體
He is tall.
73. fast, quickly
fast側重於指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點，
quickly側重指某事完成或發生的快
run fast, answer the question quickly
74. high, highly
high具體的高，
highly抽象的高，高度的
think highly of
75. healthy, healthful
healthy健康的，健壯的，
healthful有益於健康的
healthful exercise
76.sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping正在睡覺，
asleep 睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，
sleepy困的，有睡意的
a sleeping baby
The baby is asleep.
I'm sleepy.
77. gold, golden
gold指真金製品，
golden指金色的，
但金魚用gold fish
a gold ring
78. most, mostly
most用於表感受的肯定句中，相當於very，當大部分，大多數解時是形容詞或名詞，mostly大部分,是副詞
most people, the people are mostly…
79. just, very
just表強調時是副詞，作狀語，
very表強調時是形容詞，用作定語
the veryman, just the man
80. wide, broad
wide側重於一邊到另一邊的距離，
broad側重於幅面的寬廣
broadshoulders
81. real, true
real真的，真實的，指的是事實上存在而不是想象的，
true真的，真正的，指的是事實和實際情況相符合
real gold, a true story
82. respectful, respectable
respectful尊敬，有禮貌，
respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的
be respectful to the aged
83. outwards, outward
二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward還可用作形容詞
an outward voyage
84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定語，
pleased,pleasing常用作表語，
pleased主語常為人，
pleasing主語常為物
a pleasant trip
The trip is pleasing.
85. understanding, understandable
understanding明白事理的，能體諒的，
understandable可理解的，能夠懂的
an understanding girl,
an understandable mistake
86. close, closely
close接近，靠近，
closely緊緊地，緊密地
closely connected, stand close
87. ill, sick
ill做表語，sick定，表均可
a sick boy
88. good, well
good形容詞，
well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞
He iswell again.
89. quiet, silent, still
quiet安靜的，可以發出小的聲音，
silent不發出聲音，但可以動，
still完全不動，完全無聲響
He standthere still. 他站在那兒，一動不動，也不說話。
90. hard, hardly
hard努力，hardly幾乎不
work hard
I can hardly believe it.
91. able, capable
able與不定式todo連用，
capable與of連用 He iscapable of doing…
92. almost, nearly
二者均為"幾乎,差不多" 和否定詞連用，用almost,
almost nobody
93. late, lately
late遲，晚，lately最近，近來
Ihaven't seen him lately.
94. living, alive, live, lively
living, alive, live均為活著的，
living定表均可，
alive定表均可，定語後置，
live只能做定語，
lively意為活波的
the living people=all the people alive
95. excited, exciting
excited使人興奮的，
exciting令人興奮的
I'mexcited. The news is exciting.
96. deep, deeply
deep具體的深，
deeply抽象的深，深深地
deeply moved, dig deep
97. aloud, loud
aloud出聲地，
loud大聲地
read aloud(出聲地讀)
98. worth, worthy
二者均為值得，worth後接doing，
worthy後接to bedone, of being done
It is worth visiting.
= It's worthy to be visited.
= It's worthy ofbeing visited.
99. bad, badly
bad形容詞，
badly副詞，不好，但與need,want, require連用為"很，非常"
go bad
I need the book badly.
100. before long, long before
before long不久以後，
long before很久以前
not long before = before long
二、方法指導
高考英語短文改錯最全套路，實用！
百校聯盟
1.謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點，常見動詞錯誤類型有：
①一般現在時與一般過去時錯用;
②and前後動詞時態不一致;
③主謂不一致;
④缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;
⑤第三人稱單數形式錯用;
⑥主動語態和被動語態錯用。
2.名詞的常見錯誤：
單複數名詞錯用，可數名詞與不可數名詞錯用。
3.連詞錯誤：
連詞包括關係代詞、副詞，並列連詞and/or/but等。
關於連詞，一般考查從句關係：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
4.冠詞錯誤：
誤用a和an(根據單詞的第一個音素來判定);
誤用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)
5.形容詞和副詞錯誤：
系動詞後用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞smell/feel);
詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞)。
6.代詞錯誤：
代詞的主格和賓格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)錯誤;
反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;
代詞的單數和複數使用錯誤;
代詞指代錯誤;
多代詞或少代詞。
7.非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：
不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;
and連接的不定式或動名詞前後不一致(尤其距離較遠時);
介詞後用動名詞形式作賓語;
某些動詞後要求接動名詞或不定式。
8.介詞錯誤：
詞組中的介詞誤用;
介詞意思理解偏差;
介詞的多用或少用
二、短文改錯解答口訣
動詞形，名詞數;
注意形和副;
非謂動詞細辨別;
習慣用法要記住;
句子成分多分析;
邏輯錯誤須關注。
1.動詞形
主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態和語態錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。
例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬於時態錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態概念，注意短文內容發生或存在的時間，保持時間概念的一致性。
2.名詞數
指名詞單、複數形式的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞複數寫成單數。
例如：…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
3.區分形和副
即區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。
例如：I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。
4.非謂動詞細辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。
例如：
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現在分詞有主動態和進行時的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義，不定式有將來時態的含義。
5.習慣用法要記住
主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點，其錯誤表現形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。
例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
6.句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細緻的分析，才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。
例如：They∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒於習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。
7.邏輯錯誤須關注
與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬於邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤，常是這類錯誤的考查對象。
例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
…no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此後面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎麼能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端，“我們”把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯誤類型外，常考的錯誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。
例如：
She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
三、短文改錯參考原則
1.改動以最少為原則;
2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;
3.實詞以改變詞形為原則;
4.以保持句子原意為原則;
5.核對錯項時，若的確有一時難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動項是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例：即多一詞1個，缺詞1個，錯詞8個;
6.核對改正的語法項目是否有重複，因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會出現重複考查某個語法點的現象;
7.核對答題符號是否規範，位置是否準確，看看有無遺漏符號，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
三、故事分享
Keep Your Dream
I have a friend named Monty Roberts who owns a horse ranch in San Ysidro. He has let me use his houseto put on fund-raising events to raise money for youth at risk programs.
The last time I was there he introduced me by saying:
“I want to tell you whyI let Jack use my horse. It all goes back to a story about a young man who wasthe son of an itinerant horse trainer who would go from stable to stable, race track to race track, farm to farm and ranch to ranch, training horses. As a result, the boy’s high school career was continually interrupted. When he was asenior, he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up.”
“That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote about his dream in great detail and he even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch,showing the location of all the buildings, the stables and the track. Then he drew a detailed floor plan for a 4,000-square-foot house that would sit on a 200-acre dream ranch.”
“He put a great deal of his heart into the project and the next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page was a large red F witha note that read, ‘See me after class.’”
“The boy with the dream went to see the teacher after class and asked, ‘Why did I receive an F?’”
“The teacher said, ‘This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You have no money. You come from an itinerant family. You have no resources. Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of money. You have to buy the land. You have to pay for the original breeding stock and later you’ll have to pay large stud fees. There’s no way youcould ever do it.’ Then the teacher added, ‘If you will rewrite this paper witha more realistic goal, I will reconsider your grade.’”
“The boy went home andthought about it long and hard. He asked his father what he should do. His father said, ‘Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it is a very important decision for you.’ Finally, after sitting with it for a week, the boy turned in the same paper, making no changes at all. He stated, ‘You can keep the F and I’ll keep my dream.’”
Monty then turned to the assembled group and said, “I tell you this story because you are sitting in my 4,000-square-foot house in the middle of my 200-acre horse ranch. I still have that school paper framed over the fireplace.”
He added, “The best part of the story is that two summers ago that same school teacher brought 30 kids to camp out on my ranch for a week. When the teacher was leaving, the teacher said, ‘Look, Monty, I can tell you this now. When I was your teacher, I was something of a dream stealer. During those years I stole a lot of kids’ dreams. Fortunately, you had enough gumption not to give up on yours.'”
“Don’t let anyone steal your dreams. Follow your heart, no matter what.”
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