在一個句子中間插入一個成分,它不作句子的何種成分,也不和句子的何種成分發生結構關係,同時既不起連接作用,也不表示語氣,這個成分稱之插入語。
如“這堆砂土,充其量有十輛卡車就運去了”“我家後面有一個很大的園子,相傳叫做百草園”中的“充其量”和“相傳”即是插入語
英語中的插入語
插入語一般對一句話作一些附加的說明。它是中學英語語法的重點，也是高考的考點。通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯繫，將它刪掉之後，句子結構仍然完整。插入語在句中有時是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或總結；有時表達說話者的態度和看法；有時起強調的作用；有時是為了引起對方的注意；還可以起轉移話題或說明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子銜接得更緊密一些。掌握這一語言現象不僅有利於對英語句子等的理解，還有利於提高寫作等的水平。插入語的類型較多，常見的如下幾種：
一、形容詞（短語）作插入語。 能用作插入語的形容詞（短語）常見的有：true，wonderful，excellent，strange to say，most important of all， sure enough等。 如： True，it would be too bad. 真的，太糟了。 Wonderful，we have won again. 太好了，我們又贏了。 Strange to say，he hasn’t got my letter up to now. 說來也奇怪，他到現在還沒有收到我的信。 Most important of all，we must learn all the skills. 最重要的是，我們必須掌握所有的技巧。
二、副詞（短語）作插入語。 能用作插入語的副詞（短語）有：indeed，surely，still，otherwise，certainly，however，generally， personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，though，besides，exactly，perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，or rather等。 如： When he got to there，he found，however，that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那兒之後他發現，那兒的天氣太壞了。 Otherwise，he would still be at home. 不然的話，他還會在家的。
三、介詞短語作插入語。 能用作插入語的介詞短語有：in fact，in one’s opinion，in general，in a word，in other words，in a few words，of course，by the way，as a result，for example，on the contrary，on the other hand，to one’s surprise，in short，as a matter of fact，in conclusion，in brief等。 如： You can’t wait anymore-in other words，you should start at once. 你不能再等了——換言之，你得立即出發。 On the contrary，we should strengthen our corporation with them. 相反，我們應該加強和他們的合作。
四、V-ing（短語）作插入語。 能用作插入語的V-ing（短語）常見的有：generally speaking，strictly speaking，judging from by，talking of， considering等。 如： Generally speaking，the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般來說，那兒的氣候冬天不太冷，夏天不太熱。 Judging by his clothes，he may be an artist. 從衣著來判斷，他可能是個藝術家。
五、不定式短語作插入語。 能用作插入語的不定式短語有：to be frank，to be honest，to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make matters worse，to sum up，to start with，to begin with等。 如： To be frank，I don’t quite agree with you. 坦率地說，我不太同意你的意見。 To tell you the truth，I’m not so interested in the matter. 跟你說實話，我對這件事情的興趣不大。 To sum up，success results from hard work. 總而言之，成功是艱苦努力的結果。 六、句子（陳述句和一般疑問句）作插入語。 能用作插入語的句子有：I am sure，I believe，I think，I know，I suppose，I hope，I’m afraid，you see， what’s more，that is to say，as we know，as I see，believe it or not等。 如： Some animals only half-hibernate，that is to say，their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些動物只是半冬眠，就是說，它們的睡眠並不是深度睡眠。 I believe，China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我確信，中國遲早會趕上發達國家。 He can’t pass the exam，because he doesn’t study hard. What’s more，he isn’t so clever. 他不能通過這次考試，因為他學習不認真，更何況他又不太聰明。
插入語的應用
插入語（句）是說話者對所表達意思的補充、強調、解釋或者說話的態度，其位置靈活，常常用逗號或破折號與其他成分隔開，並且在語法上不影響其他成分。例如：
I think， she has no feeling for your trouble. / She， I think， has no feeling for your trouble. 我想，她對你的遭遇無動於衷。
一 . 常見的插入語和插入句。
1. 插入語常以副詞（副詞短語）、形容詞（形容詞短語）、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語等形式出現。
（ 1 ）常見的副詞及短語： indeed， surely， however， obviously， frankly， naturally， luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。
（ 2 ）常見的形容詞及短語： funny， needless to say （不用說）， most important of all 等。
（ 3 ）常見的介詞短語： by the way， in a few words / in sum / in short （簡而言之）， in other words， in general， in one's opinion / judgment （按照某人的意見）， in fact， in the first place， of course， to one's knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。
（ 4 ）常見的現在分詞短語： strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking （嚴格地 / 一般地 / 坦誠地等）說； judging from / by …（根據……判斷）等。
（ 5 ）常見的動詞不定式短語： to be sure （無疑地）， to sum up （概括地說）， to tell the truth， to be honest， to be short， to conclude， to put it briefly， to put it in another way， to begin （ start ） with 等。
注意：上述單詞或短語作插入語和狀語時的區別。例如：
（ 1 ） Frankly， he'd like to listen to music.
（副詞作插入語，表示說話人的態度）
Here you should speak frankly.
（副詞作狀語）
（ 2 ） True， your daughter is at home now. （形容詞作插入語）
He came back， hungry and tired. （形容詞作狀語）
（ 3 ） Judging from what he said， he does look down his elder brother. （現在分詞作插入語，其主語不是句中的主語，只是說話者的附加說明）
Seeing from the window， he can see the lake. （現在分詞作狀語，邏輯主語是句中的主語 he ）
（ 4 ） To tell you the truth， he doesn't quite agree with this idea. （不定式作插入語，動作主體不是句中的主語，只是說話者的附加說明）
To buy the machine， he went to Beijing. （不定式作目的狀語，邏輯主語是句中的主語 he ）
2. 插入句為簡短的、具有完整意義的句子。常見的插入句如下： I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地說）， that is （ to say ）（也就是說）， it seems （看來是）， as I see it （照我看來）， what's more， what's worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 嚴重的是）， I'm afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （據說）， as we all know （眾所周知）等。
插入句獨立性強，一般用標點符號將其與其他句子成分隔開。應當特別注意疑問句的插入句，它一般為倒裝語序且無任何標點符號，而且整個疑問句應當保持陳述語序。例如：
（ 1 ） What should I do first？
What do you think I should do first？（被插入的疑問句原來為倒裝語序，插入後成為陳述語序）
（ 2 ） Who is singing？
Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑問句原來就是陳述語序，不需要做調整）
二 . 插入語（句）在試題中的應用。
1. 單項選擇。由於插入語通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關係，命題者有意在句中插入一個從句或插入語，造成主謂分離，給考生的理解帶來一定的困難和干擾。例如：
（ 1 ） He made another wonderful discovery， ______ of great importance to science. （上海 1998 ）
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
分析：這是一個非限制性定語從句， which 在從句中作主語，代替 the discovery .做這類題目的方法是先將插入語 I think 去掉，然後再將句子還原成為 He made another wonderful discovery， which is of great importance to science. 問題就迎刃而解了。正確答案： A .
（ 2 ） In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. （上海 2001 ）
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
分析： in fact 在句中實際擔當插入語，只不過沒用逗號隔開，意思是“實際上，對警察來說在一次重大的足球比賽中，維持秩序是一項困難的工作”。空格容易把句子當成 fact 的同位語從句而誤選 B .正確答案： D
（ 3 ）－ Alice， you feed the birds today， _____？
－ But I fed it yesterday. （廣東 1999 ）
A. do you B. will you
C. didn't you D. don't you
分析：這是特設語境，插入語 Alice 暗示後面句子為帶主語的祈使句，正確答案： B .
（ 4 ） Who do you think _______ us a talk this afternoon？
A. to give B. gave
C. will give D. giving
分析：do you think 是一個插入語，將其去掉的話，剩餘部分用陳述語序。正確答案： C .
（ 5 ） Philip is a New Yorker， _______ ， he lives in New York.
A. that is B. besides
C. after all D. in one word
分析：直接選擇適合上下文語境的插入語。正確答案： A .
2. 閱讀理解和完形填空。閱讀中出現大量插入語會增加理解障礙。熟練掌握插入語，有利於分析句子結構，理解文章大意。例如： I， of course， like a bicycle better. It doesn't cost me much， yet it brings me a lot of convenience. What's more， it doesn't pollute the air. Bicycles are really good friends of people's.
3. 寫作。書面表達要求語言連貫、地道，恰當使用插入語，可以給文章增色不少。例如： Like most of my schoolmates， I have neither brothers nor sisters － in other words， I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any work at home； they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subjects. We may be one family and live under the same roof， but we do not seem to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter？ How things are in other homes， I wonder. （ NMET 2001 ）
強化訓練：
I. 單項選擇：
1. Mr. Anderson， ______ I thought died three years ago， is still living.
A. who B. whom
C. that D. which
2. John plays football _______， if not be better than David.
A. as well B. as well as
C. so well D. so well as
3. The truth， sir， is that the old man _______ across the road when the car hit him.
A. was to walk
B. had been walking
C. walked
D. was walking
4. The repair work of Angkor Watt _______ would last at least ten years was completed within eight years.
A. which people supposed
B. which people supposed it
C. which people supposed that is
D. people supposed that
5. He worked late last night， ______， early this morning.
A. that is B. even worse
C. or rather D. namely
6. He must have believed， I think， ______ I am a lazy boy.
A. that B. / C. which D. what
7. _____ we all know， he was a famous writer.
A. Which B. As
C. What D. /
8. _____ from the number of the cars， he thought， there weren't many people at the restaurant yet.
A. Judging B. Judged
C. To judge D. Being judged
9. What ______ had to be finished before Friday？
A. they say B. they said
C. did they say D. do they say
10. He came home after midnight， and ________， he was drunk.
A. even more B. very much
C. what's worse D. so much
11. Mrs. Patti gave us another wonderful talk， _______ of great importance to our English study.
A. I think which is B. I think it is
C. which I think is D. which I think it
12. Paula refused the invitation to David's party the next week， _________ of course made him puzzled.
A. what B. where
C. when D. which
II. 完成句子。
13. 嚴格說來，加拿大英語和美國英語不完全一樣。
_______， Canadian English is not the same as American English.
14. 老實說，我不同意你的想法。
________， I can't agree to your idea.
15. 依我看來，青年人喜歡流行音樂。
_______， young people enjoy pop music.
Key：
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C
6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C
11. C 12. D
13. Strictly speaking 14. To be honest
15. In my opinion / From my point
插入語六大用法小結
在英語學習中，插入語是一個比較重要的知識點。由於插入語是一種獨立成分，通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關係，許多同學在學習過程中會有一定的困難。其實，插入語大都是對一句話進行附加說明或解釋，通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構成，常置於句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。下面舉例歸納插入語的幾種用法。
例1 _____the more expensive the camera， the better its quality.
A.General speaking B.Speaking general
C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
解析：本題答案為C.generally speaking為分詞短語，意思是“一般來說”，在句中用作插入語。
小結：許多分詞短語可以用作插入語，這樣的分詞短語有：strictly speaking（嚴格地說），generally considering（一般認為）， judging from……（根據……判斷）等。
例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.
A.In fact B.Luckily
C.Unfortunately D.Naturally
解析：本題答案為C.unfortunately為副詞，意思是“令人遺憾地，不巧，可惜”，在句中用作插入語。
小結：常用作插入語的副詞或副詞短語有：indeed（的確），surely（無疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地說），obviously（顯然），naturally（天然地），luckily （happily） for sb.（算某人幸運），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（簡單地說）等。
例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard，_____， you failed.
A.in the end B.after all
C.in other words D.at the same time
解析：本題答案為C.in other words為介詞短語，意思是“換句話說”，在句中用作插入語。
小結：常用作插入語的介詞短語有：in conclusion（總之），in a word（簡而言之），in short（簡而言之），in general（一般說來），in a sense（在某種意義上），in my view（在我看來），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事實上），at first（首先）， in addition（此外），of course（當然），to my surprise（使我驚奇的），to her regret（使她遺憾的），for example（例如）等。
例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What‘s more B.That is to say
C.In other words D.Believe it or not
解析：本題答案為D.believe it or not為一分句，意思是“信不信由你”，在句中作插入語。
小結：用簡短的句子結構作插入語，它們常置於句中或句末。這類簡短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地說），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道嗎），you see（你明白），I’m afraid（恐怕），it is said（據說），I suppose（我想），what’s more（而且），what’s worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是說），what is important（重要的是）等。
例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare.
A.To be frank B.What’s more
C.In addition D.However
解析：本題答案為A.to be frank為不定式短語，意思是“坦率地說”，在句中用作插入語。
小結：常用作插入語的不定式短語有：to be sure（無疑地），to sum up（概括地說），to tell the truth（老實說）等。
例6 _____， he should have done such a thing.
A.Speaking general B.Strange to say
C.Luckily D.Of course
解析：本題答案為B.strange to say為形容詞短語，意思是“說也奇怪”，在句中用作插入語。
小結：常用作插入語的形容詞或其短語有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用說），most important of all（最為重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。
【試題設計】
1._____， he often forgot to turn off the lights.
A.Even better B.Strange C.However D.Fortunately
2.Greenland， _____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers.
A.it is the largest B.that is the largest
C.is the largest D.the largest
3.An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day.
A.does B.did C.has to D.had to
4.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，she ____ something she would regret later.
A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said
5.Boris has brains. In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ.
A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highest
6.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others， _____，of course，made the others envy him.
A.who B.that C.what D.which
7._____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
8._____，success results from hard work.
A.Worse still B.Sure enough
C.To sum up D.What’s worse
9.As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood.
A.no such B.no a C.not such D.no such a
10.He made another wonderful discovery， _____ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is B.which I think it is
C.which I think it D.I think which is
11.One day， _____，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.
A.to sum up B.what’s more C. it is said D.in addition
【參考答案】
1～5 BDBDB 6～11 DACDAC
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