“The most dangerous kind of waste is the waste we do not recognize. “
-Shigeo Shingo
“最危險的浪費，便是我們沒有識別出浪費。”
-新鄉重夫
Talking about TAKT time
We know timing is everything! In both life and business, we know that when time is right, magical things happens. You have searched for the perfect product for months and something tells you to call Acme business to find it. When you call, they have one left and will hold it for you. Perfect timing! You fight mind-numbing traffic and arrive at the airport just in time to catch a flight. Prefect timing! Your restaurant runs a special on steaks for the evening, and the last one comes off the grill, served to the last customer of the evening. Perfect timing!
沒錯，我們都知道“時間便是一切”！我們知道，無論是在生活中，還是商業中，只要時間合適，美妙的事情便會發生。數月來，你一直在尋找完美的產品，很多事實會告訴你打電話給ACME公司去尋找。在你打電話時，對方便會為你留下一件。完美的時機！你與令人討厭的交通問題進行競賽，要及時趕到機場，只為了趕上某班次的航班。完美的時機！你的餐館在晚上會做特別的牛排，當最後一塊牛排從烤架上來時，剛好是服務了晚上的最後一位顧客。完美的時機！
Timing is everything in life and in business. When the timing is off, it costs us valuable time, money and damages our reputation. This is especially true in manufacturing. Producing the right amount of product, with the highest quality possible, meeting customer demands without having excess. That is perfect timing!
時間，是生活和事業中的一切。當時機不在時，會花費了我們寶貴的時間、金錢，並損害我們的聲譽，在製造業中尤為如此。以最優質的質量生產合適的產品，滿足客戶的需求而不過量。那是個完美的時機！
節拍時間的意義
Takt is a German word which refers to the beat of music. It can also refer to cycle, rhythm or repetition time. Sometimes it refers to the baton of an orchestra leader. Takt Time is the average time allowed between the start of production of one unit and the start of production of the next unit. These allowed times are set to match the rate of customer demand, based on the amount of available work time.
Takt是一個德語詞彙，指的是音樂的節拍，也可以指週期時間、節奏時間，或者循環時間。有時，Takt指的是管絃樂隊指揮的指揮棒。節拍時間（TAKT time），是某個單元的開始生產與其下一個單元的開始生產之間所允許的平均時間。基於可用工作時間，這些所允許的平均時間被設置為與客戶需求的速率相匹配。
For example, if you have 8 hours of working time each day, and the customer demand is 16 items per day, then the takt time is 30 minutes.
例如，如果每天工作時間是8個小時，而客戶的需求是每天16件產品，那麼，節拍時間（TAKT time）便是30分鐘。
8 hours per day / 16 items per day = 0.5 hours per item = 30 minutes
每天8小時/每天16件產品=每件產品/0.5小時= 30分鐘
Therefore, every 30 minutes, one item should be completed. If you are not keeping up that pace, then it indicates that you will not likely meet your customer demand for the day. You can tell that you are off-track very quickly in the day, instead of being surprised at the end of the day.
因此，我們應該每30分鐘就要完成一件產品。如果你跟不上這一速度，那麼，表明你不可能滿足客戶每天的產品需求量。你應該很快發現不能按照計劃去完成任務了，而不是在一天結束的時間才感到驚訝。
If your process takes more than 30 minutes, then you will need to do one of two things: 1) reduce the cycle time to complete one item to less than 30 minutes, or 2) add more working time (people). It is preferred to reduce the time by eliminating waste in your process, as opposed to adding more people.
如果生產過程超過30分鐘，那麼，你需要做兩件事：1）減少循環時間，以便在30分鐘內完成一件產品；2）增加更多的工作時間（人員）。當然，最好是在生產過程中去消除浪費，而不是增加更多的人員。
The perfect example of the use of Takt Time is in the war time manufacturing of Germany, Japan and the United States. Both sides implemented the theory of Takt Time to precisely manufacture and deliver wartime goods to their militaries, with the precise timing of those deliveries arriving exactly when there was demand. Both sides were exceptional at the practice of Takt Time. Fortunately for the United States, we enjoyed a production tempo that greatly outpaced our enemies. The power of American production was a great fear of both Germany and Japan in the months leading up to hostilities. They knew that America was a sleeping giant when it came to production, precision and innovation in the manufacturing processes.
應用節拍時間的完美案例，當屬戰時的德國、日本和美國三國的製造業。雙方都貫徹了節拍時間的理論進行精確製造，並在有軍方需求的時間，將戰時物質準時交付給各自的軍方。雙方在時間節拍時間方面都非常出色。幸運的是，對美國來說，我們的生產速度大大超過了敵方。美國的生產能力，讓德國和日本在長達數月的戰爭中產生了巨大的恐慌。提及製造，以及製造流程的精細與創新方面，德國和日本都知道，美國曾經是一個“沉睡的巨人”。
When a manufacturing team tracks Takt Time, they have a heightened awareness of output rates and potential problems. They attempt to achieve the Takt Time on each cycle and immediately make necessary corrections.
在製造團隊跟蹤節拍時間時，他們便對產出率和潛在的問題進一步提高了認識。他們會努力讓每一個循環都能達到節拍時間，並立即進行必要的修正。
閱讀更多 IATF16949 的文章
