主謂一致

語法形式上的一致

主語為單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語為複數形式，謂語動詞也用複數形式。例如：

Jane and Mary look healthy and strong.

The number of mistakes was surprising.

解釋：主語是 the number ,謂語是 was對於數字而言，它是單數，所以用了was；

反思：the number of通常跟 a number of 來對比，a number of 是大量的的意思；後面通常是可數名詞的複數，所以謂語也跟著用複數形式，比如 a number of people are rushing to the toilet.

意義上一致

1.主語形式雖為單數，但意義為複數，謂語動詞用複數。例如：

The crowd were running for their lives.

單數形式表示複數意義的詞有people，police，cattle，militia等。

The news was very exciting.

形複意單的單詞有news，works(工廠)和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱，如physics，politics，mathematics等。

就近原則

即謂語動詞的單、複數形式取決於最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，either…or，neither...nor，not only…but also等連接的並列主語，如果一個是單數，一個是複數，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。例如：

Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this．

應注意的幾個問題

1.名詞作主語

1)某些集體名詞(如family，team等)作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用複數形式。例如：

The whole family are watching TV.

His family is going to have a long journey.

這類名詞有：audience，class，club，committee，company， crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc.

名詞population一詞的使用情況跟上述類似。例如：：

The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers.

“a group(crowd) of+複數名詞”等短語之後的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數或複數，前者強調整體，後者強調各個部分。

2)某些集體名詞(如people，police，cattle，militia等)只當複數看待，謂語動詞必須用複數。例如：

The police are searching for him.

3)單、複數同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、複數。例如：

A sheep is over there.

Some sheep are over there.

4)名詞所有格之後的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數。例如：

My Uncle's is not far from here.

The doctor's is on the side of the street.

常見的省略名詞有：the baker\'s，the barber\'s，the carpenter\'s，the Zhang\'s，etc,

表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用複數。例如：

Richardson\'s have a lot of leather goods to sell.

5)當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等複數名詞時，往往可以根據意義一致的原則，把這些複數名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數形式。例如：

Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.

The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago.

Three years has passed.

6)不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多個並列主語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。例如：

Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.

7)如果主語有more than one...或many a…構成，儘管從意義上看是複數內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。例如：

Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

More than one student has seen the film.

在“more+複數名詞+than one\'’結構之後，謂語詞一般用複數形式。例如：

More members than one are against your plan.

8)一些由兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具主語時；謂語通常用複數形式，如scissors，chopsticks，compasses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主語由“a kind of ，a pair of，a series of等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。例如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk .

9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書)，其謂語用單數；短語this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口語)(這一類人)，但this kind of men的謂語用單數，men of this kind和these kinds of men的謂語用複數。all kinds of後跟複數名詞，謂語用複數形式。例如：

Men of this kind are dangerous.

This kind of men is dangerous.

10)複數形式的單、複數同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則，作單數意義時，謂語用單數；反之，謂語用複數。這類名詞有means(方法)，works(工廠)，species(種類)，Chinese，Japanese等。例如：

The (This) glass works was set up in l970. (這家玻璃廠建於1970年。)

The(These)glass works are near the railway station.(這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。)

當它們前面有a，such a，this，that修飾時，謂語用單數；有all，such，these，those修飾時，謂語用複數。但“means"，“no means"，“the means"等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可作單數，也可用作複數。

注：work作“工作”解時是不可數名詞，作“著作”解時是可數名詞，有單複數之分。

11)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest,part等詞語，表示的是複數意義，謂語動詞用複數形式；反之，用單數。例如：

All of the water is gone.

All of my classmates work hard.

12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致。如：

Between the two windows hangs a picture．

2.由連接詞連接的名詞作主語

13)用and或both...and連接並列主語，謂語動詞通常用複數形式。例如：

Walking and riding are good exercises.

Plastics and rubber never rot.

但是，並列主語如果指的，是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用：單數形式，這時，and後面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如：

A knife and fork is on the table．

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit．

The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor．

Truth and honesty is the best policy。

14)當主語後面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、複數按主語的單、複數而定。例如：

The room with its furniture was rented.

The teacher as well as the students was excited.

15)以or，either...，neither...nor，not only…but also等連接的名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語動詞的單複數應根據就近一致的原則。例如：

Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about it..

Either you or he is to go.

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.

3.代詞作主語

16)名詞型物主代詞後的動詞，既可以用單數，也可以用複數，這取決於它所代替的是單數還是複數。例如：

Ours(Our Party) is a great party．

our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown．

17)such，the same起指示代詞作用時，應根據其所指的內容來決定單、複數。例如：

Such are his words.

Such is our plan.

18)關係代詞who，that，which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。例如：

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.

Those who want to go please you’re your names here.

19)疑問代詞who,what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單複數。例如：

What produce(s)heat?

Which is (are) your book(s)?

Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu．

Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu．

20)不定代詞any，either，neither，none，all some，more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：

①單讀用作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞可用單數或複數形式。例如：

All are present,let's begin the meeting．

Now all has been changed．

either，neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數。

②後接of時，若of的賓語為不可數名詞，動詞當然用單數形式；若of的賓語為複數名詞或代詞，動詞可以是單數，也可以是複數；在正式文體中，單數形式的動詞更常用。例如：

None of them has(have)seen the film.

Do(es) any of you know his address?

4.分數、量詞作主語

21)某數詞單純表示數字作主語時，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式，但是當基數詞表示的不是數值而是數量時，謂語動詞可用複數形式。例如：

The billion is a large number．

Twelve were boys.

英語中算術式作主語時，若是減法或除法算術式，謂語通常用單數形式；若是加法和乘法，謂語動詞有時也可用複數形式。例如：

Three times five is/are fifteen.

Two and (plus) two is/are four.

Twelve divided by four is three.

Three taken from eight leaves five.

在提問加、減、乘、除得數時，如用how much，謂語動詞多用單數形式；如用how many，謂語動詞多用複數形式。例如：

How many are two times five?

How much is eight divided by two?

22)“分數或百分數+of+名詞”構成短語，以及由“some,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a(1arge)quantity of,the rest of,a heap of,heaps of+名詞”構成短語時，其名詞可以是可數名詞或不可數名詞。作主語時，採取就近一致的原則，其謂語動詞要與短語中of後面的名詞的數保持一致，這是因為短語中of後面的名詞是中心詞，而名詞前面的量詞是修飾語。例如：

A quantity of blouses were on sale．

A large quantity of beer was sold．

Plenty of English books are on the shelf．

Lots of damage was caused by fire．

Three-fifths of the workers here are women．

About three-fourths of the earth\'s surface is covered with water．

23) A(great)number of,many,a few修飾可數複數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用複數；a little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.

A great deal of trouble lies before us.

A number of students have gone to the countryside to help.

with the autumn harvest.

24)(large)quantities of修飾可數 複數名詞或不可數名詞其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用複數。例如：

Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

25)The number+可數複數名詞，the amount of+不可數名詞，the quantity of+可數複數名詞或不可數名詞構成的短語，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數，例如：

The amount of money is great.

The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased.

The quantity of books in the library is amazing.

The number of students in our school is increasing.

26)表示數量的one and a half 後，名詞要用複數形式。但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.

27)half of，(a)part of修飾可數名詞單數及不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數；修飾可數名詞複數時，謂語動詞用複數。

5.名詞化的形容詞作主語

28)如果主語由“the+形容詞或過去分詞)”結構充當時。謂語通常用複數。這類詞有；the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the young，the old, the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數。例如：

The departed(死者) was a well-known engineer.

The blind study in special schools.

這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞／man，person或表示人的單數連用。如：all old man，a rich person，the(a)wounded soldier

6.從句作主語

29)由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數；所指的具體內容若是複數意義，謂語動詞一般用複數形式。例如：

What we need are doctors.

What we need is more time.

30)在複數名詞引導的從句結構中，關係代詞的先行詞是靠近它的複數名詞而不是，因此，從句中的動詞應該是複數形式。例如：

This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.

但是，當之前有等修飾時，關係代詞的先行詞是，而不是靠近它的複數名詞，因此從句的動詞應是單數形式。例如：

she was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.

專題訓練

1.We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand ______ weak points.

A. have , have B. has, have

C. has , has D. have, has

2.A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offered

C. are offered D. have offered

3.The police _______ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family ______ almost given up all hope.

A. is, has B. are, have

C. are, has D. is, have

4.In this institution a medal together with a prize of certain sum of money _____ gains success in science and technology every two years.

A. are given to anyone

B. is given to whoever

C. are given to who

D. is given to whom

5.You should try Larry and Kevin’s restaurant because _____ the best in the city.

A. theirs is B. their’s is

C. they are D. their's are

6.Only one of the students who ____ present____ to speak at the meeting.

A. is, is B. are, are

C. are, is D. is, are

7.------______ the dollars a big sum of money to him? ------ I suppose _________.

A. Are, to B. Were, to

C. Will be, to D. Is , so

8.When and where to build the new factory ______ yet.

A. is not decided

B. are not decided

C. had not decided

D. have not decided

9.Either Tom or Jane did _____ homework in the classroom.

A. their B. theirs

C. his D. her

10.Reading magazines and novels _____ helpful.

A. is B. are

C. have D. has

11.In spring, many plants bloom, which ____ the world even more beautiful.

A. made B. make

C. makes D. have made

12.It's not you but Mr. Anderson who ___ to answer ___ the incident.

A. are, for B. were, to

C. is, for D. was, back

13.There are two books on the bookshelf. ____ of them ____ worth ______.

A. Both , are, being read

B. All, are, reading

C. Neither, is, being read

D. Either, is, reading

14.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. (MENT 96)

A. were , was

B. was, was

C. was, were

D. were , were

15.I don't think the poor ______ poor.

A. are always B. has been always

C. is always D. always are

16.Every means _______ tried but without much result.

A. have been B. had

C. has D. has been

17.At the meeting each man and each woman _____ praised by the manager yesterday.

A. was B. were

C. would be D. had been

18.One and a half days _____ what I need.

A. was B. is

C. are D. were

19.Sixty percent of the work______ .

A. have been done

B. had been done

C. has been done

D. has done

20.____ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming?

A. Are B. Is

C. Do D. Does

21.Such films ____ shown yesterday ____ not worth seeing again.

A. that was, is

B. as were, are

C. as were, is

D. those were, are

22.Three fourths of the earth's surface ____ covered with water.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

23.About 85 percent of the students ____ good, and part of them _____ interested in biology.

A. is, are B. are, are

C. are, is D. is, is

24.Politics ____ now taught in all schools.

A. is B. are

C. be D. being

25.Do you know what his politics _____?

A. is B. are

C. be D. being

26.The wounded ______ sent to the hospital at once.

A. were B. are

C. is D. was

27.The Chinese ____ hard-working.

A. be B. being

C. is D. are

28.The United Nations _____ in 1945.

A. are found

B. is found

C. was founded

D. were founded

29.Our headmaster and secretary ____ kind and strict.

A. is B. be

C. are D. were

30.More than one girl _____ late for class this morning.

A. are B. is

C. was D. were

Keys

01—10 DABBA CDADA

11—20 CCDCA DABCA

21—30 BABAB ADCAC

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