句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 句子是按照一定的語法規律組成的,表達一個完整的意義。什麼 叫句子成分呢?句子的組成成分叫句子成分。英語的基本成分有七種: 主語(subject)、謂語/系、賓語/表語(object)、定語(attribute)、 狀語(adverbial) 、補語(complement)和同位語。
一個句子一般由兩部分構成,即主語部分和謂語部分,這兩個部分也叫做句子的主要成分。(Lily says: 有主有謂就是一個句子。)
句子的次要成分包括賓語(表語),定語,狀語,補語和同位語。
句子成分的概念和構成
1、主語:是一句的主體,是全句述說的對象,是動作的發出者,一 般位於句首。(Lily says: 特殊情況是倒裝句。)
充當主語的形式:代詞;名詞;名詞短語;名詞從句;V 不定式;V-ing 形式;it 形式主語
I like English.
English is interesting.
To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.
What you said is totally right.
It is easy to learn English.
2、謂語:主語發出的動作,表示主語的行為或狀態,常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任,放在主語的後面。
充當謂語形式:動詞或者動詞詞組(英語句子的靈魂)
I have a dream.
If you want the rainbow, you have to put up with rain.
3、賓語:動作的承受者,放在及物動詞或者介詞之後 充當賓語形式:代詞;名詞;名詞短語;名詞從句;V 不定式;V-ing 形式;it 形式賓語
I have a pen.
I find it not hard to learn English.
He could give her whatever she want.
4、表語:用來說明主語的性質或狀態,跟在系動詞之後 充當表語形式:形容詞,名詞,名詞從句,V 不定式,V-ing,介詞短語
Time is money.
To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.
She is in danger/ out of danger.
The trouble is that she has forgotten his name.
5、定語:修飾限定名詞,用來說明名詞的成分、特性;常用形容詞 或者相當於形容詞的短語或從句擔任,形容詞放在名詞之前,相當於 形容詞的短語或從句放在名詞的後面。(Lily says: 後置定語& 定語 從句)
充當定語形式:形容詞,名詞,V 不定式,V-ing,介詞短語,關 系從句
an apple tree
a beautiful girl/ a handsome boy
the boiling water/ the boiled water
the bird in the tree/ the map on the wall
The man who is standing under the tree is Mr. Li.
6、狀語:用來說明動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的成分;常由副 詞擔任。
常見狀語種類:時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、讓步、比較、 方式、結果
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.
7、補語:補充說明
主語補語:Tom was made monitor.
賓語補語:We made Tom monitor. I find English easy.
表語補語:I am sure to succeed.
8、同位語:對被修飾對象進行補充說明或進一步解釋(解釋說明) We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
Our English teacher, Lily, is very kind to us.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
米拉外教,在線英語培訓,真人外教一對一,體驗一次,愛上說英語