“航空母艦”的變遷之路

漁船碼頭改造
Aircraft Carrier Building Reform / VAUMM
由專築網小R編譯
來自建築事務所的描述：在1943年，工程師Luis Tolosa依據現代主義運動的邏輯，在Donostia-San Sebastián港口地區設計建造了一座鋼筋混凝土建築，這座質樸的空間僅僅只有一個大型屋面，其目的是用於儲存漁船所使用的木箱，這座建築是修繕、清洗、烘乾漁網的區域。大屋面的樑柱相較於承重結構更加輕薄，這也成為了這座建築的代表元素，因此這座建築也得名為“航空母艦”。
Text description provided by the architects. In 1943, the engineer Luis Tolosa built a reinforced concrete structure in the port of Donostia-San Sebastián following the logic of Modern Movement of Architecture. An austere pavilion, barely a large roof, to store the wooden boxes used by the fishing fleet. The large roof in turn, served as platform for repairing, cleaning and drying of fishing nets. This large roof, which flies getting thinner than the load-bearing structure with its beams and pillars, was undoubtedly the most representative element of the building, which made the building popularly known as the Aircraft Carrier.

1988年，該項目進行了全面的改造，利用原有結構作為支撐，並且增加了外部牆體而構成不同的空間，屋面也得以封閉。
In 1988, the project underwent a total transformation, using the old structure as support for the building, which would close off the old roof by adding facades and generating diverse interior spaces.

該項目於2019年完工，這也是一個歷史保護項目，需要拆除一些影響歷史痕跡的因素，儘可能地將建築還原為原有結構與空間。建築師在屋面的遮蔽部分增加了一系列體量，與原有堆積於此處的木箱形成呼應。
The project completed in 2019, is conceived nearly as an archaeological exercise that seeks to remove, eliminate those parts that blurred the original project, returning as far as possible the protagonism of the building to the original structure and its large roof. In order to organize the programme proposed in the competition, a set of volumes is placed in the shelter of the roof, which establishes an echo with the stacked wooden boxes that initially occupied that place, in a fragmented way.

就此而言，該項目包含了兩個部分，首先是清理多餘元素，另一方面是封閉部分空間和新建外部牆體。

就現代視角而言，這些全新的立面代表了場所空間的邏輯特徵，就此而言，陶瓷廣泛地應用在其立面之中，這是因為這種材料能夠抵禦海洋的氣候，另外，白色也是皇家遊艇俱樂部的標誌性色彩，這也成為了西班牙現代主義運動的標誌性作品。
These new facades are conceived as continuity with the logic of place and context, but from a clearly contemporary point of view. In this sense, on one hand ceramic is used, as material widely used in the facades of fishermen's houses that face the city's harbor, due to its capacity to withstand saltpeter and the harshness of the Cantabrian Sea. On the other hand, white colour is used, as an iconic colour represented in Royal Yacht Club, built just 100 meters away, and perhaps the most emblematic work of Modern Movement built in Spain.

陶瓷就如同是三維元素，和六種不同的白色結合在一起，其中一種為啞光，其餘的為反光飾面。一方面，這與建築構成了微妙的聯繫，充分表達了建築的港口背景，另外一方面，這也代表了現象學特徵，讓外牆呼應原有屋面和結構的獨立元素。
Ceramic is treated here as a three-dimensional piece, which vibrates in six subtly different whites, some of them matt finished and others glossy finished. On the one hand, is established this relationship with these two close architectures, represented in the context of the port of the city, the popular one and the enlightened one. On the other hand, is pursued a phenomenological effect that makes the façade function as an independent element of the original roof and structure.

通過不對稱三角形的元素使得項目擁有了一定的靈活性，每個元素都有獨立存在的可能，這就好像是原來放置於此的木箱。另外，太陽的運動、光線和季節的更替、雨水的反射，都能給立面帶來變化的感受，這裡充滿了光影，就如同海洋的表面，建築似乎矗立於水面之上。

建築設計：VAUMM
地點：西班牙
類型：歷史保護
面積：790.0 m2
時間：2019年
攝影：Pedro Pegenaute
製造商：Cortizo, Autodesk, Google, Ceràmica Cumella
主創建築師：VAUMM
HISTORIC PRESERVATION
SAN SEBASTIáN, SPAIN
Architects: VAUMM

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關鍵字: 建築 工程師 航空母艦