OBCW20200401關愛地球——
我們的共同未來VI（雙語）
✎ 編 者 按
同一個地球，同一種命運。縱觀人類文明發展史，生態興則文明興，生態衰則文明衰。工業化進程創造了前所未有的物質財富，也產生了難以彌補的生態創傷。殺雞取卵、竭澤而漁的發展方式走到了盡頭，順應自然、保護生態的綠色發展昭示著未來。人與自然是生命共同體，人類必須尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然，人類只有遵循自然規律，才能有效防止在開發利用自然的過程中走上彎路。而保護生態環境、推動可持續發展是各國的共同責任。
A085
42. The issue is not just numbers of people, but how those numbers relate to available resources. Thus the 'population problem' must be dealt with in part by efforts to eliminate mass poverty, in order to assure more equitable access to resources, and by education to improve human potential to manage those resources.
問題不僅僅是人數，而是這些數字與可用資源的關係。因此，必須通過消除大量貧困的努力來部分解決“人口問題”，以確保更公平地獲得資源，並通過教育來提高人類管理這些資源的潛力。
A086
43. Urgent steps are needed to limit extreme rates of population growth. Choices made now will influence the level at which the population stabilizes next century within a range of 6 billion people. But this is not just a demographic issue; providing people with facilities and education that allow them to choose the size of their families is a way of assuring - especially for women - the basic human right of self-determination.
需要採取緊急步驟限制人口極端增長率。現在做出的選擇將影響到下個世紀60億人口範圍內人口的穩定水平。但是，這不僅僅是一個人口問題；向人們提供設施和教育，使他們能夠選擇家庭規模，是確保——特別是對婦女來說——自決的基本人權的一種方式。
A087
44. Governments that need to do so should develop long-term, multifaceted population policies and a campaign to pursue broad demographic goals: to strengthen social, cultural, and economic motivations for family planning, and to provide to all who want them the education, contraceptives, and services required.
需要這樣做的政府應制定長期、多方面的人口政策，並開展一場運動，以實現廣泛的人口目標：加強計劃生育的社會、文化和經濟動機，並向所有需要這些政策的人提供所需的教育、避孕藥具和服務。
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45. Human resource development is a crucial requirement not only to build up technical knowledge and capabilities, but also to create new values to help individuals and nations cope with rapidly changing social, environmental, and development realities. Knowledge shared globally would assure greater mutual understanding and create greater willingness to share global resources equitably.
人力資源開發不僅是建立技術知識和能力的關鍵要求，而且是創造新的價值觀，幫助個人和國家應對迅速變化的社會、環境和發展現實的關鍵要求。全球共享知識將確保更大的相互理解，並創造更大的意願公平共享全球資源。
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46. Tribal and indigenous peoples will need special attention as the forces of economic development disrupt their traditional life-styles - life-styles that can offer modern societies many lessons in the management of resources in complex forest, mountain, and dryland ecosystems. Some are threatened with virtual extinction by insensitive development over which they have no control. Their traditional rights should be recognized and they should be given a decisive voice in formulating policies about resource development in their areas. (See Chapter 4 for a wider discussion of these issues and recommendations.)
部落和土著人民將需要特別關注，因為經濟發展的力量破壞了他們的傳統生活方式，這種生活方式可以為現代社會提供許多有關複雜森林，山區和旱地生態系統資源管理的經驗教訓。有些人因無法控制的不敏感發展而面臨虛擬滅絕的威脅。他們的傳統權利應得到承認，並應在制定有關其地區資源開發的政策時給予決定性的聲音。（有關這些問題和建議的更廣泛討論，請參見第4章。）
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2. Food Security: Sustaining the Potential
糧食安全：保持潛力
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47. Growth in world cereal production has steadily outstripped world population growth. Yet each year there are more people in the world who do not get enough food. Global agriculture has the potential to grow enough food for all, but food is often not available where it is needed.
世界穀物產量的增長穩步超過世界人口的增長。然而，每年世界上有更多的人沒有得到足夠的食物。全球農業有潛力為所有人提供足夠的糧食，但往往在需要的地方沒有糧食。
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48. Production in industrialized countries has usually been highly subsidized and protected from international competition. These subsidies have encouraged the overuse of soil and chemicals, the pollution of both water resources and foods with these chemicals, and the degradation of the countryside. Much of this effort has produced surpluses and their associated financial burdens. And some of this surplus has been sent at concessional rates to the developing world, where it has undermined the farming policies of recipient nations. There is, however, growing awareness in some countries of the environmental and economic consequences of such paths, and the emphasis of agricultural policies is to encourage conservation.
工業化國家的生產通常受到高度補貼，並受到國際競爭的保護。這些補貼鼓勵了土壤和化學藥品的過度使用，這些化學藥品造成水資源和食品的汙染以及農村的退化。這些努力大部分產生了盈餘及其相關的財務負擔。這些盈餘中的一些已經以優惠的價格發送給了發展中國家，從而破壞了受援國的農業政策。但是，在一些國家，人們越來越意識到這種途徑對環境和經濟的影響，而農業政策的重點是鼓勵保護。
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49. Many developing countries, on the other hand, have suffered the opposite problem: farmers are not sufficiently supported. In some, improved technology allied to price incentives and government services has produced a major breakthrough in food production. But elsewhere, the food-growing small farmers have been neglected. Coping with often inadequate technology and few economic incentives, many are pushed onto marginal land: too dry, too steep, lacking in nutrients. Forests are cleared and productive drylands rendered barren.
另一方面，許多發展中國家遭受了相反的問題：農民得不到足夠的支持。在某些方面，與價格激勵措施和政府服務相關的改進技術在食品生產方面取得了重大突破。但是在其他地方，糧食種植的小農卻被忽視了。為應對經常不足的技術和極少的經濟誘因，許多人被推到邊緣土地上：那裡太乾燥，太陡峭，缺乏營養。森林被砍伐，生產性旱地變得貧瘠。
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50. Most developing nations need more effective incentive systems to encourage production, especially of food crops. In short, the 'terms of trade' need to be turned in favour of the small farmer. Most industrialized nations, on the other hand, must alter present systems in order to cut surpluses, to reduce unfair competition with nations that may have real comparative advantages, and to promote ecologically sound farming practices.
大多數發展中國家需要更有效的激勵機制來鼓勵生產，尤其是糧食作物的生產。簡而言之，“貿易條件”需要向有利於小農場主的方向轉變。另一方面，大多數工業化國家必須改變現有的制度，以減少盈餘，減少與可能具有真正比較優勢的國家的不公平競爭，並促進符合生態原則的農業做法。
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51. Food security requires attention to questions of distribution, since hunger often arises from lack of purchasing power rather than lack of available food. It can be furthered by land reforms, and by policies to protect vulnerable subsistence farmers, pastora1ists, and the landless - groups who by the year 2000 will include 220 million households. Their greater prosperity will depend on integrated rural development that increases work opportunities both inside and outside agriculture. (See Chapter 5 for a wider discussion of these issues and recommendations.)
糧食安全要求關注糧食分配問題，因為飢餓往往是由於缺乏購買力導致的，而不是缺乏可獲得的糧食。土地再造和保護脆弱的自給農民、牧民和無地群體的政策可以進一步推動這一進程，到2000年，這些群體將會包括2.2億個家庭。他們的繁榮將更大的取決於農村的綜合發展，這將會增加農業內外的工作機會。(有關這些問題的確認和廣泛的討論，請參見第5章。)
以上文字漢語來源於：6組郭雪萍、聶雅婷、宋婷婷、孫巖、譚學玲、張學敏、張英蕾、趙君等同學（的課堂作業）；英文來源於網絡，特此說明【指導老師康健】。
版式|王 瑜 劉 悅
審核|康 健
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