What are the major differences between Chinese and Western cultures?
中國文化和西方文化有什麼主要差異？
QUORA網站讀者評論：
Jamie Cawley, LIved in China 2012-2018, now Hong Kong
They are very much different flavours of the same basic dish. Take Chinese cooking and Western cooking and you have the prime example of culture in its overall similarity and detailed variation. Chinese steam buns, Westerners bake them, Westerners use Cheese, Chinese use soy sauce, westerners put pork, herbs and spices in a sausage,Chinese put them in a xiaolongbao. Westerners find Chinese food delicious and sometimes a bit odd, Chinese feel exactly the same way about western food.
The culture of the west is much more religiously based then that of China and there are still many strong believers in religions and ideologies in the west, for reasons I, as a westerner myself, cannot quite understand, compared to the gentle cynicism that predominates in China (sometimes called Confucianism).
Contemporary Chinese culture (apart from cooking) is largely taken from the west but that is simply a timing factor - China was economically behind for two hundred years and the first and easiest thing in catching up was to copy existing solutions which were available form the west. Now I am seeing the small start of a Chinese modern culture developing (not just Red and Dragons. China has 40,000 KFCs but the west has yet to get Miantiao widely - but it will!
它們就是把同一種菜煮成不同口味了。以中國烹飪和西方烹飪為例，你就會發現文化的總體相似性和詳細的差異。糕點中國用蒸，西方人用烤，西方人用奶酪，中國人用醬油，西方人把豬肉，香草和香料放在香腸裡，中國人把它們包進小籠包裡。西方人覺得中國菜很好吃，有時也有點奇怪，中國人對西餐的感覺完全一樣。
西方的文化比中國的文化更以宗教為基礎，西方仍然有很多宗教和意識形態的堅定信仰者，箇中原因，作為一個西方人，我不能完全理解，相比之下，在中國占主導地位的是溫和的犬儒主義(有時被稱為儒教)。
當代中國文化(除了烹飪)很大程度上是從西方借鑑過來的，但這只是時間因素——中國在經濟上落後了200年，要迎頭趕上，首先也是最容易的事情就是複製西方現有的解決方案。現在我看到了中國現代文化發展的一個小開端(不僅僅是紅色和龍)。中國有4萬家KFCs，但麵條在西方國家還沒有得到普遍認可——但它會的!
Oh Kimyee
Many have touched upon family values and education. I'll touch on a slightly different topic: Social grace.
In Western cultures, showing social grace typically involves giving people personal space, providing compliments (when applicable), and being encouraging during rough times. In short, positivity is viewed as an extremely important trait when being courteous with others.
很多人都談及家庭價值觀和教育。我要談一個稍微不同的話題:社交禮儀。
在西方文化中，展現社交禮儀通常包括給人們私人空間，不吝讚美(如果適用的話)，以及在別人遇到困難的時候給予鼓勵。簡而言之，積極的態度被認為是禮貌待人的一個非常重要的品質。
In Chinese culture, people value openness even at the expense of feelings as this demonstrates you care. For instance, a Chinese person may comment on how much weight you've gained (with no prompting) and suggest you eat more veggies and cut down on the sugar. To a Westerner, this appears rude as body weight is a sensitive topic. To Chinese folks, this is a normal conversation as someone is merely showing concern in an open manner.
That said, there are certain topics that the Chinese only compliment others on while wrapping their own situation in layers of disguise. The most common topic would be education; Chinese parents absolutely love praising how well other children are performing in school or extracurriculars but will never say that their own child does well (regardless of whether it's true). It ultimately transpires into a humble brag competition.
在中國文化中，人們重視公開，甚至不惜傷害感情，因為這表明你在乎。例如，一箇中國人可能會對你評頭論足，說你長胖了，讓你多吃蔬菜，少吃糖。對於西方人來說，這其實有點粗魯，因為體重是一個敏感話題。但對中國人來說，這是一種正常的對話，因為有些人只是以一種開放的方式表示關心。
也就是說，在某些話題上，中國人會在恭維別人的同時，用層層偽裝來掩飾自己的情況。最常見的話題是教育;中國父母絕對喜歡稱讚別人家孩子在學校或課外活動中的表現，但永遠不會說他們自己的孩子表現也很好(不管這是不是真的)。它最終演變成一場謙虛的自誇比賽。
Gabriella Crystal Hendricks, studied at Northwest University
I'm sorry for taking so long to answer this question. I thought a lot about this question. And I don't want to answe a question Bc I have to, I want to answer a question Bc I have my own experience and opinion about it.
About money: Chinese people love to share their financial situation with people. And sometimes people will ask you how much money you make every month. Not Bc they care, Bc they want to compare and to see who make more money.
For westerners, it's not polite to ask people's financials. Bc it's none of others business.
我很抱歉花了這麼長時間來回答這個問題。關於這個問題我想了很多。我不想因為必須回答問題而回答問題，我想回答的是我對此有經驗和看法的問題。
關於金錢：中國人喜歡和別人分享他們的財務狀況。有時人們會問你每個月賺多少錢。他們不是因為關心你才問，他們是想比較，看誰賺的錢更多。
對西方人來說，詢問別人的財務狀況是不禮貌的。這不關別人的事。
來源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/46110.html 譯者：Joyceliu
About spending money: Chinese likes saving money instead of spending. For example, we decorate our house for living, not for feelings. We don't buy extra useless stuff to make our home look beautiful. We buy stuff to use, not for looking. As long as it's still working, we don't get a new one to replace it.
For westerners: people like to make their home cozy and beautiful, sometimes they buy candles and decorations to put it on the table to make it look better.
About who pay the bill: for Chinese people, the elder,the male,the staff instead of the boss, the one who asked people out.
For westeners: ALWAYS PAY FOR YOURSELF
關於花錢:中國人喜歡存錢而不是花錢。例如，我們裝飾我們的房子是為了生活，而不是感情。我們不買額外無用的東西，讓我們的家看起來更漂亮。我們買東西是為了實用，而不是為了
顏值。只要還能用，我們就不會買新的來代替它。對西方人來說:人們喜歡把自己的家弄得既舒適又漂亮，有時他們會買蠟燭和裝飾品放在桌子上，讓家裡看起來更美。
關於誰買單：對於中國人來說，是年長者，是男性，是員工而非老闆，是主動約別人出去的人。
對西方人來說:永遠為自己買單
About dating: for Chinese boys, if a boy likes a girl, he would get her number and talk to her, maybe flirt with her and ask her out sometimes without telling the girl that he likes her, if he "felt"the same way, then he will tell her that he likes her and asks her to be his gf. Then if everything goes well, after they became bf and gf,they will go on dates. But sometimes, girls just don't get it. For example, one of my friend gave me medicine when I had a cold. I was grateful about that, but I didn't have a second thought. Bc I thought he was being nice as a friend. He had never said anything or did anything to convey the idea that he likes me. We didn't talk that much, I didn't know him that well, he didn't know me well either. One night, he told me that he liked a girl and he didn't know if he should let her know, I was like sure, why not, the chance is fifty-fifty. So later that night, he sent me a message like he wants me to be his gf. I was totally shocked. So I told him that I was busy at doing my homework and I'll talk to him later. He probably thought I was going to turn him down,so after couple days,I told him that I don't him that much, I can't be his gf. And he texted me back said: I was kidding! So I said that I was kidding too. He was trying to save his dignity. But the truth is I don't even know who he is. But for him, it's about I look down on him Bc he's not good Enough. That's not true. It's just Bc I don't know him well Enough. I don't like his personality either.
關於約會:對中國男孩而言,如果他喜歡一個女孩,他會要到她的電話號碼,和她聊天,也許和她調情,偶爾約她出門，而不告訴女孩他喜歡她。如果他“感覺”女孩對他有一樣的想法，那麼他會告訴她，他喜歡她，請她做他的女朋友。如果一切順利，當他們成為男朋友和女朋友後，他們會繼續約會。但有時候，女孩子就是不明白。例如，我的一個朋友在我感冒的時候給了我藥。對此我很感激，但我沒有多想。我認為他就只是一個好朋友。他從未說過或做過任何事來表示他喜歡我。我們聊得不多，我也不太瞭解他，他也不太瞭解我。一天晚上，他告訴我他喜歡一個女孩，他不知道是否應該讓她知道。我說當然要啊，為什麼不呢？畢竟勝率有50%對50%。所以那天晚上，他給我發了一條信息，好像想讓我成為他的女朋友。我完全震驚了。所以我告訴他我正忙著做我的家庭作業，稍後我會和他談談。他可能以為我會拒絕他，所以幾天後，我告訴他我不怎麼喜歡他，我不能成為他的女朋友。他回我短信說:我是開玩笑的!所以我說我也是在開玩笑。他試圖保全自己的尊嚴。但事實是我甚至都不瞭解他。但對他來說，這是因為他不夠好，我看不起他。那不是真的。我對他不是很瞭解。我也不喜歡他的個性。
For westerners: ask a girl out that makes a date and both of them know it. They gets to know each other through the dates.then they establish a relationship. If it doesn't work out, no hard feelings.
對西方人來說:約一個女孩出去約會，他們都知道這意味著什麼。他們通過約會了解彼此。然後他們建立戀愛關係。如果沒有成功，也不會難過。
Louis Cohen, retired programmer; little or no tolerance for BS
One big aspect is attitudes toward groups vs individuals. Western culture, especially in the USA, stresses individual responsibility and achievement. You work for yourself, not your extended family much less your state or city or even country.
一個重要的方面是對群體和個人的態度。西方文化，尤其是在美國，強調個人的責任和成就。你是為自己工作，而不是為你的大家庭，更不用說你的州、城市甚至國家了。
Stephen Pogson
Plenty.
Most prominent is that the West has a morality & culture based upon Christianity; whereas China’s is influenced by Taoism & Confucianism.
Whilst Chinese culture has generally been a smooth evolution over about 4,000 years, the West has moved forward in fits and spurts (often due to religious changes and wars). We had the Greeks, the Romans, the Normans, then the Dark Ages until the Renaissance & then the Enlightenment.
Most notably, China is one country & has been since the first Emperor from Qin. The West is a mass of changing countries; for example Yugoslavia existed until the 1980s but is now Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia. Germany only came into existence (& Belgium) in the latter 19th Century.
有很多差異。
最突出的是西方有以基督教為基礎的道德文化;而中國受道教和儒教的影響。
中國文化在大約4000年的時間裡一直平穩地發展，而西方是斷斷續續地發展(通常是由於宗教的變化和戰爭)。我們有希臘人，羅馬人，諾曼人，然後是黑暗時代直到文藝復興和啟蒙運動。
最值得注意的是，中國是一個國家，自秦始皇之後就一直是一個國家。西方是一群不斷變化的國家;例如，南斯拉夫直到1980年代才存在，但現在是克羅地亞、塞爾維亞、黑山、波斯尼亞。德國是在19世紀後期才出現的(比利時也是)。
Patrick Edwin Moran, lived in Taiwan 7 yrs, studied Chinese & philosophy since 1960, && hist. culture
I don’t even know enough to characterize Western culture. Chinese culture is even longer in extent, and it has lots of things that I’ve vaguely heard about but haven’t seen for myself.
The freshman course in Western Civilization took an entire year. A similar course abut Chinese culture would take a second year. Even then it woiuld be difficult to synthesize that much information.
我不知道該如何描述西方文化。中國文化的歷史更為源遠流長，有很多東西我隱約聽說過，但我自己沒有看到過。
大一的西方文明課程花了整整一年的時間。與中國文化類似的課程需要兩年的時間。即使那樣，合成這麼多信息也很困難。
Chinese culture aims at a society characterized by organic unity working for the benefit of all individuals in the world. Western culture thinks that is stupid, probably impossible, and tends to think of all problems in terms of “me,” then “my family and friends,”…, then several levels on down there is some vague idea that “we’re all in this together.” Nevertheless, we go hell-bent for global disaster because “me and my friends” want to have a high-energy lifestyle and make money, so to hell with our great grandchildren.
中國文化的目標是建立一個有機統一的社會，為世界上所有個人謀福利。西方文化認為這是愚蠢的，可能是不可能的，並且傾向於用“我”、“我的家人和朋友”來思考所有的問題……儘管如此，我們還是為全球災難而拼命，因為“我和我的朋友”想要高耗能的生活方式，想賺錢，所以我們的子孫後代見鬼去吧。
Lee Thé, native Californian; BA Sociology UCLA; backgrounds in advertising, school teaching, but mostly computer mag...
culture?
There's a fascinating book about this: The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently...and why, by Richard Nisbett. Politics & Social Sciences. It's based on a bunch of cross-cultural psych experiments, designed and conducted by a team of Asian and Western researchers.
文化嗎?
關於這方面有一本很有意思的書:《思維的地理:亞洲人和西方人思維的不同及原因》，理查德·尼斯貝特著。政治與社會科學。它基於一系列跨文化心理實驗，由亞洲和西方的研究人員設計和實施。
Here's one of the test diagrams:
They found that 80% of Chinese gave one answer, while a similar proportion of Westerners gave the other.
The author speculated that a lot of the differences they found stemmed from the kind of culture needed to farm rice vs. the one needed to farm wheat.
下面是一個測試圖:
他們發現，80%的中國人給出了一個答案，而同樣比例的西方人給出了另一個答案。
作者推測他們發現的許多差異來自於種植水稻和種植小麥的不同文化。
Read the book if you want to see more of that team's findings about the two cultures. It did not say one was better than the other--just very different, and often leading members of one culture to see members of the other as behaving improperly or even immorally.
如果你想了解更多關於這兩種文化的研究成果，那就讀讀這本書。它並不是說某一種文化比另一種文化好——只是兩者非常不同，常常會導致一種文化的成員認為另一種文化的成員行為不當，甚至不道德。
Sikandar Azam Khan Alizai, studied at Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Degrees
The following are the differences between china and the west, in my opinion
There is still more familial bond in chinese in comparison with the west.
Approach to the world dominance
People of china dont have huge ego issues
Respect for elders is more
Chinese still dont occupy or attack countries
There is still a difference of gender in china
The level of frustration is low which is why in chinese chulture mass murdering is not common
在我看來，以下是中國和西方之間的差異
與西方相比，中國還有更多的家庭紐帶。
正走向世界主導地位
中國人不會太自我
更為尊敬長者
中國至今不佔領或攻擊別國
依然存在性別差異
中國人不滿程度較低，所以中國文化中大規模自殺並不常見
Spiritualism is still a part of chinese culture
And vice versa for the western culure.
In summary, culturally china in my opinion stands way taller than the western culture. In the west people want to feel themselves to be answerable to no one, thr reason of cultural downfall i consider; where in china people are yet to reach those limits.
唯靈論仍然是中國文化的一部分
西方文化也是如此。
總之，在我看來，中國文化比西方文化高深得多。西方人覺得自己不需要對任何人負責，我認為這是文化衰落的原因；在中國，人們還有發展空間。
Simon Wang, lived in Taipei (1991-1999)
Here are 8 illustrations which juxtaposes the cultures of the West (blue) and East (red). These are generalizations, of course, so these illustrations aren’t true of all Chinese people or Westerners.
以下是8張闡述中西文化差異的圖，藍色是指西方，紅色指東方。
這只是泛化，並非代表所有中國人，也並非代表所有西方人
1) Dealing with problems.
處理問題
2) The individual.
個人
3) Transportation.
交通
4) Expressing an opinion.
表達觀點
5) Sunshine.
陽光日照
6) Society and senior citizens.
社會和老年人
7) Networking.
交流
8) Streets on Sundays.
週日的街道
My own background, in case you’re interested. I was born in Taipei and lived there for 8 years. Then I immigrated to California and have lived here ever since. I’m in my mid-20s.
我出生在臺北，在臺北住了8年，後來移民加州，並一直生活到現在。我現在20來歲。
Nic Ngu, Malaysian Chinese
Chinese emphasize on self-depreciation and humility. Chinese parents and educators try not to give too much positive comments on their kids so that they won't fail due to overconfidence. We believe that kids should understand that they still have a long way to go in terms of study or anything else. The downside is that kids often develop lower self-esteem.
Western culture is the other way round. Parents and educators in many western countries rarely give negative comments about a child. Western parents and teachers will always try to say something nice about a kid. Western kids often grow up to be confident which is usually a good thing, but too much confidence can be bad as well.
中國人強調自我貶損和謙虛。中國的父母和教育工作者儘量不給孩子太多正面的評價，這樣他們就不會因為過於自信而失敗。我們相信孩子們應該明白他們在學習或其他方面還有很長的路要走。但不利的一面是，孩子們往往自尊心更容易受到傷害。
西方文化恰恰相反。許多西方國家的家長和教育工作者很少對孩子做出負面評價。西方父母和老師總是試圖說孩子的好話。西方的孩子在成長過程中往往會變得自信，這通常是件好事，但過於自信也可能是件壞事。
Isaiah Pablo
There’s lots of differences. Some are as follows.
Harmony - In ancient Chinese culture, harmony with the universe is emphasized. There’s an order of things that you ought to follow in order to be successful. That’s why China often preserved it’s natural resources because it realized how important it was for it’s survival. Western culture is about imposing your will. You make things happen. You have to work hard and achieve the impossible regardless of what happens. That’s why you often see nature being destroyed in western societies.
Individuality vs. Hierarchy - Chinese culture has a collectivist society. Conforming to a group is very important. They do what’s best for the family and it affects their careers, dating lives, list goes on. If a boss disrespects a Chinese person, he/she is expected to take the insult. Preserving harmony and knowing your place in society is more important than yourself. This isn’t the case in Western culture. The person is more important than a group. You have your own values, choices, opinions, etc.
Success - In Western culture, success is defined by the outside world. Your self worth depends on your achievements and successes. In Chinese society, success is found inside of yourself. You find yourself by eliminating the “false” self and being self-aware. Virtue is highly valued.
有很多不同。比如：
和諧——中國古代文化強調宇宙萬物的和諧。要想成功，你需要遵循一系列的事情。這就是為什麼中國經常保護它的自然資源，因為它意識到這對生存的重要性。西方文化則在於強加你的意志。是你讓事情得以發生。無論發生什麼，你必須努力工作，完成不可能的事情。這就是為什麼你經常看到西方社會的自然遭到破壞。
個性與等級——中國文化是一個集體主義社會。服從一個團隊是非常重要的。他們會做對家庭最有利的事情，這會影響他們的事業，約會生活，等等。如果老闆不尊重中國人，他/她就會受到侮辱。堅持和諧，瞭解自己在社會中的地位比你自己更重要。在西方文化中並非如此。人比群體更重要。你有自己的價值觀、選擇、觀點等等。
成功——在西方文化中，成功是由外界來定義的。你的自我價值取決於你的成就和成功。在中國社會，成功在於你自己。你通過消除“錯誤的”自我和保持自我意識來發現自己。美德是很可貴的。
Brian Robert Smith, former Certified General Accountant
This is a short answer relating to the source of the differences, and is just a personal opinion.
Most western philosophy/religion is based on the concept of perfectionism. There are gods, and people are poor images of the gods. If we eliminate all the “faults” we will be perfect. This leads to a binary style of thinking, where everything is right or wrong, and we must eliminate all the “wrongs”. “The road to heaven is straight and narrow”.
Eastern philosophy uses the yin/yang concept, where there is “good and bad, light and darkness, male and female, sun and moon”, built into everything. Every good thing has its faults, and every bad thing has some benefits. In the yin/yang world, “every straight line passes from light into darkness.”
這是一個對差異來源的簡短回答，只是我的個人觀點。
大多數西方哲學/宗教是基於至善論的概念。上帝是存在的，而人類是上帝的可憐形象。如果我們消除所有的“缺點”，我們就會完美。這導致了一種二元思維方式，一切都是對的或錯的，我們必須消除所有的“錯誤”。“通往天堂的路是筆直而狹窄的”。
東方哲學使用陰陽概念，其中有“好與壞，光明與黑暗，男性與女性，太陽與月亮”並深入到所有事物中。每件好事都有它的缺點，每件壞事都有它的好處。在陰陽世界裡，“每一條直線都從光明走向黑暗。”
These philosophies have impacts on the way we form our belief systems, our religions, and our ways of life. In the west, one can only belong to one religion, while in the east, it is possible to believe in many different religions at the same time.
這些哲學影響了我們形成信仰系統、宗教和生活方式的方式。在西方，一個人只能信仰一種宗教，而在東方，可以同時信仰多種不同的宗教。
Robert Stephen Campbell, Lived in Asia ten years.
I am sure that somewhere, sometime, I must have read a cleverly worded statement explaining that people start life believing that what they see and hear around them is normal. Too many people go through life believing that THAT “normal” is proper, the only correct way for things to be. Some learn to appreciate ideas from other places and even to look down on their own society. Only a few learn to objectively judge the good, the bad, and the merely different found in different cultures. I hope that I have reached that third level, but I have no guarantees.
I am not knowledgeable enough about Chinese culture or about Western culture in general to do a valid comparison. My perceptions are too mixed. My wife and her sister, born in Japan and raised in Japan, Europe, and the US, are definately Third Culture Kids. “Formally defined, TCKs are people who have spent a portion of their formative childhood years (0-18) in a culture different than their parents’.” They insist that I, too, am a TCK. TCK-ness is one of the things we have in common.
我相信，在某個地方，某個時候，我一定讀過一篇措辭巧妙的聲明，解釋說人們會相信他們開始生活時周圍的所見所聞才是正常的。太多的人一生都相信“正常”是正確的，是唯一正確的方式。一些人則學會欣賞其他想法，甚至瞧不起自己的社會。只有少數人學會客觀地判斷在不同文化中發現的好的、壞的和不同之處。我希望我已經達到了第三級，但我不能保證。
我對中國文化或西方文化的瞭解還不夠多，無法進行有效的比較。我的看法太複雜了。我的妻子和她的妹妹出生在日本，在日本、歐洲和美國長大。正式定義中，TCKs指的是那些童年時期(0-18歲)有部分時間生活在與父輩不同的文化環境中的人，他們所處的文化環境與父母不同。“他們堅持說，我也是個TCK。坦率是我們的一個共同點。
China has the good, the admirable, and the not so good. Please excuse my not pointing fingers.
The West has some good, and some not so good. We [society] constantly argue about which is which.
At this late stage of my life, I am not in a position to judge or choose between East and West.
Thank you for the A2A, sorry that I could not be of more help.
中國有好的，令人欽佩的地方，也有不好的地方。請原諒我沒有指指點點。
西方有一些好的，也有一些不那麼好的。我們(社會)經常爭論哪個是哪個。
在我生命的晚期，我無法在東方和西方之間做出判斷或選擇。
謝謝你的提問，很抱歉我幫不上忙。
Steven Williams, former English Teacher at Shane English Schools
There isn't such a thing as ‘Western Culture’. I wouldn't really call Chinese culture a thing either.
沒有所謂的“西方文化”。我也不認為中國文化是一回事。
Let me explain why.
The West, as you put it, is made up of numerous different countries that speak many languages, have many customs and ways of life that often conflict with one another.
China also has this. A ginormous country that has 57 recognised ethnic groups is going to have a lot of cultural diversity. Going into a Uyghur household in Xinjiang is going to be a totally different experience from entering a Han household in Beijing or a Mongal household in Inner Mongolia.
讓我來解釋一下原因。
正如你所說的，西方是由許多不同的國家組成的，他們說著不同的語言，有著不同的風俗習慣和生活方式，經常互相沖突。
中國也有。一個擁有57個民族的巨大國家將會有很多文化多樣性。去到新疆的維吾爾族家庭與北京的漢族家庭或內蒙古的蒙古族家庭將是完全不同的體驗。
Charles Bender
The Chinese culture is the same of 4000 years ago, the “Western culture” is a chameleon changes color every century or less than this.
The “Western culture” was born in the Eastern Mediterranean, but people who today are callled “western” had a totally different culture at this time. So the first change happened in the 5 century in the Period of Barbarian Invasion, when the Germanic tribes appropriated the Mediterranean culture. After this happened several changes in their culture, but I believe that one of the biggest ones is when they copied the own Chinese culture giving origin to several changes including the enlightenment.
Then this question is very vague, you need to better specify what "Western culture" you mean.
中國文化與4000年前一樣，“西方文化”是一個變色龍，每過一個世紀或更短時間就會變色。
“西方文化”誕生於地中海東部，但今天被稱為“西方文化”的人在那個時候有著完全不同的文化。第一次變化發生在5世紀野蠻人入侵時期，當時日耳曼部落侵佔了地中海文化。在這之後，他們的文化發生了一些變化，但我認為最大的變化之一是，他們複製了自己的中國文化，從而引發了包括啟蒙運動在內的一些變化。
那麼這個問題就很模糊了，你需要更好地說明你所說的“西方文化”是什麼意思。
轉自西諾網
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