Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
常考單詞、高頻短語和寫作句式
Ⅰ. 常考單詞必背
1．harmful adj. 有害的
It's harmful to your eyes to read books in the bus.
在公共汽車上看書對你的眼睛有害。
[快速閃記]
(1)be harmful to... 對……有害
(2)harmless adj. 無害的
harm n. 損害；傷害 v. 對……有害；傷害；損害
2．exist vi. 存在；生存
Nothing exists on the moon as there is no water and no air.
月球上沒有東西生存，因為那裡沒有水和空氣。
[快速閃記]
(1)exist in 存在於
exist on 靠……生存
There exist(s)/existed... 某地有/存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
3．puzzle n. 謎；難題 vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)為難
The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.
她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那個令人困惑的數學問題。
[快速閃記]
(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好
puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
4．pull n. &vt. 拉(力)；拖；牽引力
She pulled his sleeve to get his attention.
她拉拉他的袖子以引起他的注意。
[快速閃記]
pull down 摧毀、推翻、拆除
pull in 進站停靠；駛向路邊(或某處)停靠
pull out 離站；(使)擺脫困境
pull through 恢復健康；渡過危機
5．mass n. 質量；團；塊；大量；(復)群眾
I have masses of work to do.
我有大量工作要做。
Ⅱ. 高頻短語必會
1．in time 及時；終於
Lucky for him，he was just in time for the bus.
幸運的是，他及時趕上了公共汽車。
[快速閃記]
on time 準時；按時
at a time 一次；每次
at one time 曾經；一度；同時
at times 有時；偶爾
at no time 決不
in no time 馬上；立刻
2．give birth to 產生；分娩
To our great joy，my sister－in－law gave birth to a baby boy.
使我們大為高興的是，我嫂子生了個男孩。
[快速閃記]
at birth 出生時
by birth 天生地；生來；在血統上
3．in one's turn 輪到某人；接著
When it was in my turn，I was too excited to speak.
當輪到我時，我激動地都說不出話來了。
[快速閃記]
in turn 依次；輪流；因此；因而
by turns 輪流；依次
take turns to do sth/in doing sth 輪流做某事
It is sb 's turn to do sth 輪到某人做某事
4．prevent...(from) 阻止；制止
No one can prevent me(from) going there.
沒有人能夠阻止我去那兒。
[快速閃記]
(1)protect...from/against... 保護……不受……侵襲
(2)同義詞：stop...(from) doing...；keep...from doing...
5．cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮
I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.
我寫那首歌只是為了讓自己高興。
[快速閃記]
cheer sb on 為某人加油
6．now that 既然
Now that everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都到齊了，我們就開始開會吧。
[快速閃記]
引導原因狀語從句的連詞：now that，since，because，as，considering (that)，in that等。
7．break out 突發；爆發
Something unexpected always breaks out in this area.
在這一地區總有意想不到的事情發生。
[快速閃記]
break up 解散；打碎
break away from... 脫離……
break down 打破；坍塌；(精神、身體)垮掉
break in 進入；插話
break into 強行進入(某處)；突然開始(大笑、歡呼等)
8．watch out 密切注視；當心；提防
You should watch out for John，who often makes fun of others.你應該提防約翰，他經常取笑別人。
[快速閃記]
watch over 照看；看守
look out 注意，當心
take care 注意，當心
be careful 注意，當心
Ⅲ. 寫作句式必學
1．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would lastor not.
地球(開始)變得激烈動盪，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續存在下去。
2．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.
更為重要的是當地球平靜下來時，水開始在地球表面出現了。
3．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.
這就產生了一個連鎖反應，使生命的發展成為可能。
4．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
所以，在未來的數百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續取決於這個問題能否得到解決。
5．It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
水對於生命的發展會起到關鍵作用這一點並沒有立即明朗化。
6．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。
短文語法填空，然後背誦短文，熟記本單元的重點詞彙。
Explore MKII
MKII，a planet__1__(billion) of kilometers away，is the origin of life in manyreligions. Physicists have proved the theory __2__ its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity are similar to __3__ earth's. And astronomers have found that oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide，which are fundamental to life，exist in its atmospherethrough satellites. __4__(cheer) up by this news，biologists，in their turn，began to do some research to remove people's puzzles—Now that there are some suitable conditions，does life really exist on this globe? Do they multiply by laying eggs orgiving birth __5__ babies?
Last month，a spaceship __6__(send) there. It's a pity that this mission failed.Unlike the earth，MKII is a much __7__(young) planet. Thus，masses of __8__(harm)acid clouds float everywhere causing violent chain reactions to break out. These clouds not only __9__(block) out the pilots' sight but also damaged the enginesystem. Luckily，the pilots watched out carefully and prevented the spaceship from __10__(crash) in time.
答案：
1. billions 2. that 3. the 4. Cheered 5. to
6. was sent 7. younger 8. harmful 9. blocked 10. crashing
必修3Unit4同步常考知識點練習
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1．It is obvious __what__ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.
解析：句意：為了子孫後代，當地政府在保護環境方面所能做的事情是顯而易見的。It為形式主語，________ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations是真正的主語，該主語從句缺少賓語，且表示物，故填what。
2．New technologies have made __it__ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
解析：考查it作形式賓語。
3．All possible means __have_been_taken__(take) to prevent the river __being_polluted__ (pollute)．
解析：考查主謂一致和非謂語動詞。
4．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city __to_be_cheered__(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.
解析：考查非謂語動詞。
5．The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere __where__ everybody felt to share his ideas.
解析：考查定語從句。從句中缺少地點狀語，故填where。
6．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus __improving__(improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.
解析：考查ving形式作結果狀語。
7．Those reports included one case, __where/in_which__ a fire broke out and destroyed two cars，although there were no injuries.
解析：考查非限制性定語從句。
8．I suppose by the time I come back in ten year's time all these old houses will __have_been_pulled__ (pull) down.
解析：考查時態和語態。
9．Sometimes he found __it__very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.
解析：考查it作形式賓語。
10．Susan made __it__ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
解析：本題考查代詞的運用。句意：蘇珊清楚地跟我表明她希望為自己創造新的生活。分析句子結構可以看出，該句中包含一個that引導的從句，而且根據語境可知，that從句的內容就是蘇珊向我表明的事情，所以後置的that從句實際上是made的真正賓語，故用形式賓語it指代that從句。
11．The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will __in__ time.
解析：句意：經理想要看到公司的改變，我確信他遲早會看到的。in time“及時；最後，遲早”，符合題意。
12．It remains to be seen __whether__ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
解析：本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委員會政策能否付諸實踐。It在此為形式主語，故seen後為真正的主語從句，又由remains to be seen可知存在不確定的意思，所以用whether是否。
13．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a __friendly__(friend) atmosphere.
解析：句意：兩國高層領導人在友好的氛圍(atmosphere)中進行談判。
14．—Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back, just in time __to_avoid__(avoid) the racing car.
解析：答語句意：我退後了一步，正好避開了奔跑的汽車。in time to do sth.“正趕上做某事”。
15．It's said that the power plant is now twice __as__ large as what it was.
解析：本題考查倍數的表達法。句意：據說這個發電廠現在是過去的兩倍大。“倍數＋as...as”是倍數的表達法，意為“是……的幾倍”，其中as...as之間要用原級。
Ⅱ. 完成句子
根據語境和漢語提示完成下列英語句子。
1．An exceptionally big fire __broke_out__(爆發) at midnight.Luckily, firefighters arrived just __in_time__(及時) for the rescue.
2．Atmosphere __blocks_out__(擋住) a large amount of harmful light from space.
3．__Now_that__(既然) we have finished the design, the company, __in_its_turn__(輪到), will do the construction.
4．__On_a_global_scale__(在全球範圍內), AIDS may well become the leading cause of infant death.
5．He, as well as his sister, __was_brought_up__(被撫養) in the mountainous area where education facilities are far from satisfactory.
6．建議採取措施來阻止工廠排放有害氣體。
__It_is_suggested_that__measures should be taken to prevent factories from discharging harmful gases into the air.
7．地球變暖是否加劇取決於我們的活動是否產生更多的二氧化碳。
Whether the global warming will become more serious __depends_on_whether__ our activities will produce more carbon dioxide.
8．大部分證據被毀了，不可能證明這種食物是有毒的了。
Most of the evidence is destroyed, __which_makes_it_impossible__to prove that the food is poisonous.
9．證人的描述太難以置信，沒有任何實際價值。
The witness's descriptions were __too__ unbelievable __to__ be of any real value.
10．沒有什麼比得上一句誠心的問候更令人愉快了。
There is nothing __more_pleasant_than__ a cheerful word of greeting.
Ⅲ. 單句改錯
1．She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed, which is harmful for her eyes.
__for→to__
2．All theories come from practice and in return serve practice.
__return→turn__
3．The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.
__puzzling→puzzled__
4．The sun heats the earth, which makes possible for plants to grow.
__makes後加it__
5．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as larger as the present one.
__larger→large__
6．You'll succeed on time because you are always working hard.
__on→in__
Ⅳ. 教材原句
1．__What__is even more important is that__as__the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
解析：第一空考查主語從句，從句中缺少主語，故填what；第二空考查狀語從句，結合語意可知此處表示“伴隨”。
2．According to a widely__accepted__(accept) theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”__that/which__threw matter in all directions.
解析：第一空考查非謂語動詞作定語修飾theory，且accept與theory之間為被動關係，故填accepted；第二空考查定語從句，從句中缺少主語且指物，故填that/which。
3．It was not immediately obvious__that__water was to be fundamental__to__the development of life.
解析：第一空考查主語從句，it為形式主語，that引導的從句是真正的主語；第二空考查固定短語，be fundamental to 意為“是……的基礎”。
4．As a result__of__this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot __to_live__(live) on.
解析：第一空考查固定短語；第二空考查“too...to...”結構。
5．__Whether__life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
解析：考查主語從句。從句中不缺主語和賓語，結合語意可知答案是whether。
6．__What__many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve__harmful__ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
解析：第一空考查主語從句，從句中缺少賓語；第二空考查詞形轉換，修飾名詞，故填形容詞harmful。
7．They are putting too much carbon dioxide__into__the atmosphere，__which__prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
解析：第一空考查介詞，結合語意可知填into；第二空考查非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語且指物，故填which。
8．Leaving the moon's gravity__was/is__(be) not as painful as leaving the earth's.
解析：考查主謂一致。動名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數。
Ⅴ. 語篇填空
No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a ①__widely__(wide) accepted theory, the universe began ②__with__ a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.
For several billion years after ③__the__ “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What ④__it__ was to become was ⑤__uncertain__(certain) until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ⑥__when__ the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent ⑦__that__ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It ⑧__exploded__(explode) loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ⑨__which__ were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear ⑩__on__ its surface.
Ⅵ. 話題寫作
用本單元所學知識完成下列句子，並按照邏輯連成短文。
1．火星上有生命嗎？不知道。我們能成功登上火星嗎？那完全取決於科學技術的發展。
Is there life on Mars? We don't know.Can we land on Mars successfully? That all__depends_on__the development of science and technology.
2．到目前為止，我們雖然對火星有點了解，但根本不夠。火星上幾乎沒有氧氣，中午的溫度可能在50度左右，而晚上則在零下100度左右。這阻止我們在那裡生活。
Until now we__have_known_a_little_about__Mars，but that's not enough.__There_exists__almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night and it__prevents_us_from_living_there__.
3．既然火星與地球完全不同，如果我們計劃有朝一日去火星，我們就要帶上氧氣、食物、衣服和住所。
__Now_that__Mars is quite__different_from__our earth，if we are to go to Mars__in_time__， we should take along our own oxygen, food, clothing__as_well_as__shelter.
組篇公式：將句2改為定語從句。
答案：
Is there life on Mars? We don't know.Can we land on Mars successfully? That all depends on the development of science and technology. Until now we have known a little about Mars, but that's not enough. There exists almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there. Now that Mars is quite different from our earth, if we are to go to Mars in time, we should take along our own oxygen，food，clothing as well as shelter.
注：圖文源於網絡，如有侵權請聯繫我們刪除！
閱讀更多 Wendy筱薇 的文章
