意大利2010年版1欧分硬币（收于2018年）意大利全称意大利共和国；欧洲文艺复兴的发源地；主要由南欧的亚平宁半岛及两个位于地中海中的岛屿西西里岛与萨丁岛所组成。国土面积为301333平方公里，人口6055.1万（2017年）。首都罗马，现任总统塞尔吉奥·马塔雷拉。
意大利是欧洲历史古国，在旧石器时代就已有人类在这片土地上生活。从公元前900年开始，伊特鲁里亚文明开始发展；公元前510年，罗马人结束罗马王政时代并建立共和国。公元前241年将西西里纳入自己的版图。公元前202年，将西班牙和希腊纳入版图。凯撒统治时期，征服了高卢和埃及。公元前27年建立了古罗马帝国。395年，罗马帝国分裂为东、西罗马帝国。东罗马帝国称拜占庭帝，1453年被奥斯曼土耳其人所灭亡。476年罗马雇佣兵领袖日耳曼人奥多亚克废黜西罗马最后一个皇帝，西罗马帝国遂告灭亡，西罗马帝国的灭亡，标志着奴隶制度在西欧的崩溃。1861年，撒丁王国改国号为意大利王国；意大利统一之后就走上了对外扩张的资本主义殖民道路并且以强国的姿态出现在欧洲的政治外交中；1921年，与德国日本相继签订了"钢铁同盟"和"反共产协定"等一系列条约成立了轴心国集团。1940年意大利势力范围遍及地中海、北非、东非达到鼎盛；1943年战败后退出轴心国集团，海外领地崩溃，二战后只保留了南索马里的统治权，直到1960年。外交方面：基本点是立足西欧；依靠北约，重视同美国的传统关系；强调建立公正合理的国际新秩序，主张世界多极化和加强地区性合作。1970年11月6日，意大利与中国建交。
意大利是发达工业国，几个世纪一直都是西方文明的中心；经济在二战后以3倍速度飞速发展，被当时的西方媒体称之为阿尔卑斯山南面的奇迹。经济方面：是欧洲第四大、世界第八大经济体；中小企业发达，被誉为"中小企业王国"；世界著名的汽车跑车生产国，相关品牌包括法拉利、兰博基尼等；世界传统农业大国和农业强国；为全球十大外贸国之一，年进出口贸易总额长期稳定在世界第七至八位；曾经是世界最大的贸易顺差国之一，后逐渐沦为贸易逆差国，中国是意大利最大贸易逆差来源国。交通方面：交通运输系统属于世界最完善的交通系统之一，国内各种交通运输系统建筑长度总和位于世界前20，人均拥有交通路线长度则处于世界前十；也是世界发展高铁项目最早的国家之一；与瑞士的森皮奥内隧道是世界上第一长的铁路隧道。文教体方面：成立于1088年，有"大学之母"美誉的博洛尼亚大学是世界上第一所大学。意大利足球甲级联赛曾有"小世界杯"称号。截至2015年，共有51处世界遗产。
意大利从公元前6世纪就开始大量制作钱币，因此流传下来很多优美精湛的制币，堪称世界铸币史上的超级大国。70年代经济开始疲软；进入90年代又遭遇了经济和政治危机，国家公共赤字超过3%，成为"笨猪五国"之一。为了加入欧洲货币联盟，不得不进行财政紧缩。意大利现行货币是欧元。此1欧分硬币由铜包钢制成，正面主图为统一欧元区面值设计图案；背面主图描绘的是体现着古希腊罗马风格、伊斯兰风格和西多会哥特式建筑风格完美结合的意大利名胜蒙特城堡；2002年意大利欧元硬币首发年就将其铸于币上，形象地体现了这座世界建筑史上的杰作和奇迹。Italy is the full name of the Italian Republic. The birthplace of the European Renaissance; It is mainly composed of southern Europe's Apennine Peninsula and two Mediterranean islands, Sicily and Sardinia. The land area is 301,333 square kilometers and the population is 60,551,000 (2017). The capital Rome, the current President Sergio Mattarella.
Italy is a country with an ancient history in Europe. Human beings have lived in this land since Paleolithic. From 900 BC onwards, Etruscan civilization began to develop. In 510 BC, the Romans ended the era of Roman kingship and established the Republic.Sicily was incorporated into its territory in 241 BC. In 202 BC, Spain and Greece were incorporated into the territory. Caesar conquered Gaul and Egypt during his reign. The Roman Empire was established in 27 BC. In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into East and West Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire called Byzantine Emperor and was destroyed by Ottoman Turks in 1453. In 476, Roman mercenary leader Germanic Odovac deposed the last emperor of western Rome, which led to the demise of the western Roman empire, marking the collapse of slavery in western Europe. In 1861, the kingdom of Sardinia was renamed the kingdom of Italy. After the reunification of Italy, it embarked on the capitalist colonial road of external expansion and appeared in European political diplomacy as a powerful country; In 1921, Japan and Germany successively signed a series of treaties such as "Iron and Steel Alliance" and "Anti-Communism Agreement" to form the Axis Group. In 1940, Italy's sphere of influence reached its peak in the Mediterranean, North Africa and East Africa. After its defeat in 1943, it withdrew from the Axis group and its overseas territories collapsed. After World War II, it only retained the sovereignty of South Somalia until 1960. In diplomacy, the basic point is to base oneself on western Europe. Rely on NATO and attach importance to the traditional relations with the United States; He stressed the establishment of a just and reasonable new international order and advocated multi-polarization of the world and strengthening regional cooperation. On November 6, 1970, Italy established diplomatic relations with China.
Italy is a developed industrial country and has been the center of western civilization for centuries. After World War II, the economy developed at a three-fold speed, which was called a miracle in the southern Alps by western media at that time. Economic aspect: it is the fourth largest economy in Europe and the eighth largest economy in the world. Small and medium-sized enterprises are well developed and are known as "the kingdom of small and medium-sized enterprises". World-renowned car sports car manufacturers, related brands include Ferrari, Lamborghini, etc.; The world's traditional agricultural powers and agricultural powers; As one of the ten largest foreign trade countries in the world, the annual total import and export trade has been stable at the 7th to 8th place in the world for a long time. Once one of the world's largest trade surplus countries, it gradually became a trade deficit country. China is Italy's largest source of trade deficit. Transportation:Italy's transportation system is one of the most perfect transportation systems in the world. The total length of various domestic transportation system buildings is in the top 20 in the world, and the length of traffic routes per capita is in the top 10 in the world. It is also one of the earliest countries to develop high-speed rail projects in the world. The sampione tunnel with Switzerland is the longest railway tunnel in the world. Culture and education: Bologna University, founded in 1088 and reputed as the "mother of universities", is the first university in the world. Italy's first division football league once had the title of "little world cup". As of 2015, there are 51 world heritage sites.
Italy has been making a large number of coins since the 6th century BC, so many exquisite coins have been handed down and can be called a superpower in the history of world coins. The economy began to weaken in the 1970s. Entering the 1990s, it encountered another economic and political crisis, with the national public deficit exceeding 3%, becoming one of the "five stupid pig countries". In order to join the European Monetary Union, fiscal tightening is necessary.The current currency of Italy is the euro. The 1 euro cent coin is made of copper clad steel, and the front main picture shows the design pattern for unifying the euro zone face value.The main picture on the back depicts the Italian famous Castle Monte, which embodies the perfect combination of ancient Greek and Roman style, Islamic style and siduohui Gothic architectural style; The first issue of the Italian euro coin in 2002 put the design of Monte castle on the coin, vividly reflecting the masterpiece and miracle in the history of world architecture.
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