2020-03-14 P90-94 關於重複
"Maxim Against Redundancy": No idea should be expressed twice about the same thing
說好聽點是重複，其實就是囉嗦，只是沒有經過專門的訓練，這種重複意識有時候還意識不到，寫下來看著就有點明顯了，比如這句：
<code>we must arrive at the station on time and be punctual
/<code>
還有不太那麼明顯的，比如類似的事情這麼說：這是一種隱含的重複
<code>we must arrive at the station on time in order to catch the train
/<code>
說實話，在學校的時候真的就這麼寫過的，沒感覺有什麼問題啊，
直譯中文貌似這樣的：（為了）趕上火車,我們必須準時到達車站, 好像挺彆扭的。平時我們正常說話怎麼說來著，比如你磨磨蹭蹭的，你媽急的催你：早點去車站，別讓火車等你啊，按時去車站趕火車啊。其實重點就是 On time, 而 "on time" 本身就暗示能 'catch the train‘。
還有一種重複就是反著說，比如 “要當心啊” 反過來說就是 “別不當回事啊”，同一句話中先肯定，然後再反過來說一遍，便也是重複了。
<code>we should pay close attention to the formulation of annual plan and not neglect it.
/<code>
其中 pay close attention to 與 not neglect it是一回事。
小結一下上面三種重複的現象：
- 簡單~（Simple Reinstatement）兩個部分表達的是同一個事情
- 自證~（Self-evident statement）隱含了後面表達的意思
- 鏡像~（Mirror-image statement）先肯定，然後又反著說一遍
書中的幾個例句，摘錄下來，看看找出重複的地方：
- temparory in nature
- new innovation
- help and assistance
- unprecendented interest rates that set an all-time record.
- he thanks stockholders for having assisted us with their help
- he reports that his institution has continued to maintain success since the outset of our entry into the computer field
- A low voter turnout is an indication of fewer people going to the polls
- if we don't succeed, we run the risk of failure
- We must practice economy and reduce unnecessary expenditures
- We must be clear whether a mistake has really been made and if it has, we must be able to tell whether it is a major or minor one and whether it is serious or not
- in industrial production we must maintain a policy of safety first, with prevention of accidents as our main concern
- we must further strengthen the building of national defense in order to enhance our defense strength
- it is essential to control environmental pollution so as to protect the environment
- By renovating and expanding a number of chemical fertilizer plants, we shall increase the output of standard fertilizer by 15 million tons in the five-year period...Meanwhile, to increase soil fertility, we should promote widespread scientific application of fertilizer and greater use of farm manure.
- we should reduce taxes on enterprises so as to allow them to retain more of their profits and thus increase their financial capacity
- China's socialist system of law has now been basically established, so that the situation in which there were no laws has changed
- We should pay close attention to the formulatiion of annual plans and not neglect it
- we must maintain our vigilance and never be off guard
- financial expenditures should be arranged in order of priority, rather than be given equal status.
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