來加拿大20年,大叔的口語從剛開始的完全懵圈到現在能比較自如地和當地人“倒倒漿糊”,也算是進步不小,雖然現在還時常被女兒“譏笑”。最深刻的體會就是老外在口語中其實用詞非常簡單,就那麼些詞翻來覆去,各種搭配,單個詞拆開都認識,拼在一起就傻眼。
今天我們就來學一學Do和Make這兩個最簡單的詞。它們到底區別在哪裡?怎麼用?Do和Make的基本區別
很多時候,我們搞不清楚Do和Make這兩個詞,從字典上看,它們都可以表示“做”的意思,但是在英語中用法卻不一樣,看下面這個例子:
我們為什麼說“do exercise”而不是“make exercise”;我們為什麼說“make a mistake”而不是說“do a mistake”?
它們的區別主要是:
- Do用來表示動作、執行和重複性的勞動;
- Make通常是指創造或生產某樣東西,和你選擇去做的某個動作;
- Do強調你所做的動作本身;而Make通常表示你所做的結果。比如你“make breakfast”,你得到的是幾個小薄餅和煎雞蛋;你“make a suggestion”是指你給出你的建議。
Do的常用英語搭配
家務
- do the housework(做家務)
After I got home from the office, I was too tired to do the housework.(下班回到家,我太累了真不想做家務。)
- do the laundry(洗衣服)
I really need to do the laundry – I don’t have any clean clothes left!(我得趕緊去洗衣服了,已經沒幹淨衣服換了。)
- do the dishes(洗碗)你也可以說“wash the dishes”
I’ll make dinner if you do the dishes afterwards.(如果吃完飯你洗碗的話,我就去做飯。)
- do the shopping(購物)
I went to the bank, did some shopping, and mailed a package at the post office.(我去了銀行,買了些東西,然後去郵局寄了個包裹。)
但是整理床鋪要說“make the bed”而不是“do the bed”,因為整理床鋪指的是把被子疊好,床單鋪好,枕頭放在合適的位置讓你的床看起來乾淨整潔,所以你看到的是結果。
學習和工作
- do work(做工作或者幹活)
I can’t go out this weekend – I have to do some work on an extra project.
(這週末我哪兒也去不了,因為有個額外的項目要做。)
- do homework(做作業)
You can’t watch any TV until you’ve done your homework.
(做完作業才能看電視。)
- do business(做生意)
We do business with clients in fifteen countries.
(我們公司跟15個國家的客戶有生意往來。)
- do a good/great/terrible job(事情做得很好/很爛)
She did a good job organizing the party.
(她把這次的party組織得非常好。“job” 這個詞在這裡並不是特指工作,它只是表示你所做的任何事情)
- do a report(做一個報告,也可以說write a report)
I’m doing a report on the history of American foreign policy.
(我正在整理一個關於美國外交政策的報告。)
- do a course(學一門課,也可以說take a course)
We’re doing a course at the local university.
(我們在本地的大學學了一門課。)
照顧好自己身體
- do exercise(鍛鍊健身)
I do at least half an hour of exercise every day.(我每天至少鍛鍊半個小時。)
- do your hair(做頭髮,做髮型,相當於style your hair)
I’ll be ready to go in 15 minutes – I just need to do my hair.(我還要15分鐘弄一下我的頭髮。)
- do your nails(美甲,相當於paint your nails)
Can you open this envelope for me? I just did my nails and they’re still wet.(你能幫我打開這個信封嗎?我剛做了美甲,現在還沒幹。)
一般常用的Do短語
- do anything / something / everything / nothing(做任何事,做點事,事必躬親,無所事事)
Are you doing anything special for your birthday?(你生日有什麼特殊的慶祝活動?)
You can’t do everything by yourself – let me help you.(你不可能什麼事都自己做,我來幫你吧。)
- do well(還不錯)
I think I did pretty well in the interview.(我覺得這次面試我做的挺不錯的。)
- do badly(一塌糊塗)
Everyone did badly on the test – the highest grade was 68.(這次考試大家都考的不好,最高才68分。)
- do good(做好事,做有用的事)
The non-profit organization has done a lot of good in the community.(這個非盈利機構為整個社區做了很多好事。)
- do the right thing(做正確的事)
When I found someone’s wallet on the sidewalk, I turned it in to the police because I wanted to do the right thing.(我在路邊撿到個錢包,我把它交給了經常,因為我覺得這是正確的事。)
- do your best(盡最大的努力)
Don’t worry about getting everything perfect – just do your best.(盡你自己最大的努力就好,不要想事事都做到完美。)
Make的常用英語搭配
食物
- make breakfast/lunch/dinner(做早餐/午餐/晚餐)
I’m making dinner – it’ll be ready in about ten minutes.(我在準備晚飯,大概還要10分鐘。)
- make a sandwich(做一個三明治)
Could you make me a turkey sandwich?(你能幫我做一個火雞三明治嗎?)
- make a salad(做色拉)
I made a salad for the family picnic.(家裡的野餐,我拌了一個色拉。)
- make a cup of tea(泡一杯茶)
Would you like me to make you a cup of tea?(要我給你泡杯茶嗎?)
- make a reservation(訂位)
I’ve made a reservation for 7:30 at our favorite restaurant.(我在我們最喜歡的飯店訂了個位,7點半。)
金錢
- make money(掙錢)
I enjoy my job, but I don’t make very much money.(我喜歡我的工作但工資不高。)
- make a profit(賺錢,有利潤)
The new company made a profit within its first year.(這個新的公司第一年就開始賺錢了。)
- make a fortune(發財,發了財)
He made a fortune after his book hit #1 on the bestseller list.(他寫的書在最佳銷量榜上排第一,他發財了。)
- make $_______(賺了多少錢)
I made $250 selling my old CDs on the internet.(我在網上賣我的老CD賺了250塊。)
人際關係
- make friends(交朋友)
It’s hard to make friends when you move to a big city.(當你搬到一個大城市後很難交到朋友。)
- make love (做愛,相當於have sex)
The newlyweds made love on the beach during their honeymoon.(這對新婚夫妻度蜜月的時候在海灘上做愛。)
- make a pass at(和某人調情,相當於flirt with someone)
My best friend’s brother made a pass at me – he asked if I was single and tried to get my phone number.(我閨蜜的哥哥居然和我調情,他問我是不是單身還想問我要電話號碼。)
- make fun of someone(取笑某人,相當於tease/mock someone)
The other kids made fun of Jimmy when he got glasses, calling him “four eyes.”(那些孩子取笑帶了眼鏡的Jimmy,叫他“四眼仔”。)
- make up(彌補,和解,和好,相當於resolve a problem in a relationship)
Karen and Jennifer made up after the big fight they had last week.(Karen和Jennifer上禮拜大吵一頓後,現在又和好了。)
交流溝通
- make a phone call(打電話)
Please excuse me – I need to make a phone call.(抱歉,我得去打個電話。)
- make a joke(開玩笑)
He made a joke, but it wasn’t very funny and no one laughed.(他開了玩笑,但真的不是很好笑,所有的人都沒笑。)
- make a point(提出一個觀點或建議)
Dana made some good points during the meeting; I think we should consider her ideas.(Dana在會議上提出了幾個很好的觀點,我覺得我們應該考慮一下。)
- make a bet(打一個賭)
I made a bet with Peter to see who could do more push-ups.(我和Peter打賭誰能做更多的俯臥撐。)
- make a complaint(投訴)
We made a complaint with our internet provider about their terrible service, but we still haven’t heard back from them.(我們投訴了網絡供應商的服務糟透了,但還沒得到迴音。)
- make a confession(承認)
I need to make a confession: I was the one who ate the last piece of cake.(我得承認我吃了最後那一片披薩。)
- make a speech(作演講)
The company president made a speech about ethics in the workplace.(公司的大頭針對辦公室的規章制度做了個演講。)
- make a suggestion(提一個建議)
Can I make a suggestion? I think you should cut your hair shorter – it’d look great on you!(我能提個建議嗎?我覺得你剪短髮更好。)
- make a prediction(作出一個預測)
It’s difficult to make any predictions about the future of the economy.(很難預測未來的經濟情況。)
- make an excuse(找一個藉口)
When I asked him if he’d finished the work, he started making excuses about how he was too busy.(當我問他是不是完成了他的工作,他開始找藉口說他怎麼怎麼忙。)
- make a promise(作出一個承諾,相當於promise)
I made a promise to help her whenever she needs it.(我答應她無論什麼時候她需要幫助,我就會出現。)
- make a fuss(大驚小怪相當於demonstrate annoyance)
Stop making a fuss – he’s only late a couple minutes. I’m sure he’ll be here soon.(別大驚小怪的,他只是遲到了兩分鐘,我確信他馬上就到了。)
- make an observation(觀察)
I’d like to make an observation about our business plan – it’s not set in stone, so we can be flexible.(我會一直關注我們的生意計劃,它並不是一塵不變的,我們可以隨時做調整。)
- make a comment(批註)
The teacher made a few critical comments on my essay.(老師給我的作文提了很多批評意見。)
注意,不過千萬不要說“make a question”,正確的說法是“ask a question”
計劃進展
- make plans(制定計劃)
We’re making plans to travel to Australia next year.(我們在做一個明年去澳大利亞的旅行計劃。)
- make a decision/choice(做一個決定/選擇)
I’ve made my decision – I’m going to go to New York University, not Boston University.(我決定去紐約大學,不去波士頓大學。)
- make a mistake(犯了個錯)
You made a few mistakes in your calculations – the correct total is $5430, not $4530.(你的計算中有蠻多的錯誤,正確的總金額是5430塊,不是4530塊。)
- make progress(有進展)
My students are making good progress. Their spoken English is improving a lot.(我的學生進步挺快的,他們的英語口語有了很大的提高。)
- make an attempt / effort(嘗試,相當於try)
I’m making an effort to stop smoking this year.(今年我要戒菸。)
- make up your mind(做決定)
Should I buy a desktop or a laptop computer? I can’t make up my mind.(我不知道該買臺式機還是手提電腦。)
- make a discovery(有發現)
Scientists have made an important discovery in the area of genetics.(科學家在基因領域有了重大發現。)
- make a list(列個清單)
I’m making a list of everything we need for the wedding: invitations, decorations, a cake, a band, the dress…(我正在列一個婚禮的清單,請柬,裝飾,蛋糕,樂隊,婚紗等等)
- make sure(確定,相當於confirm)
Can you make sure we have enough copies of the report for everybody at the meeting?(你確定開會的每個人都有一份報告嗎?)
- make a difference(有區別)
Getting eight hours of sleep makes a big difference in my day. I have more energy!(能睡8個小時真的有很大區別,我現在精力充沛。)
- make an exception(破例)
Normally the teacher doesn’t accept late homework, but she made an exception for me because my backpack was stolen with my homework inside it.(一般來說老師不會接受晚交的作業,不過因為我的書包連同作業一起被偷了,所以她破例讓我晚一點交了作業。)
【結語】希望這篇文章能讓大家熟練掌握Do和Make的用法以及記住這些固定的短語搭配,學到原汁原味的英語。歡迎關注 ,分享英語學習經驗和加拿大留學的最新資訊。
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