© Beautiful Landscape / Shutterstock. ImageVenice, Italy
Why Do We Travel?
由專築網小R編譯
人人都想周遊世界，這樣能夠認識新夥伴、品嚐新食物、參觀新場所，因此，旅遊業的發展十分迅猛，因此也使得旅遊場所愈發擁擠，汙染狀況直線上升。
那麼我們為什麼要旅行？在本次的編輯談話中，四位來自黎巴嫩、美國、智利的編輯分享了他們對於旅行的意義的看法，同時也談論了遊客們在享受巴西的海灘的同時，也應該關心巴西這座城市的原因。
Nicolas Valencia：每年6月，旅行都是個熱門話題，我們也發表了許多關於旅行的建築指南與文章，但是我們沒有說到具體的旅行體驗，那麼旅行對你們而言意味著什麼呢？
Dima Stouhi：我出生且生長於黎巴嫩，但是我下個月會搬到瑞士，這也是我第一次在國外生活，因為黎巴嫩和其他國家有很大的不同，因此旅行對我而言十分重要，我想看看其他人的生活與文化。
Eric Baldwin：我常常介紹自己的時候會說，我來自愛荷華州的鄉村，我對於這個世界的文化與工作方式的看法十分受限。在大學的時候，我的世界觀有了很大的改觀。我在諸如中國、意大利、希臘等地學習與工作。我相信背景就是一切，旅行是拓展你的知識背景的好方法。
Christele Harrouk：我出生在黎巴嫩首都貝魯特，來自法國，因此旅行對我而言相對容易一些，我也可以選擇在國外生活。但是，我並沒有這樣選，因為對我而言，家庭更加重要一些。但是旅行能夠讓我看到世界上的一切，同時也讓我更加珍惜自己所擁有的東西。
Nicolas Valencia：但是這在今天還是有些奢侈。
Eric Baldwin：旅行對我而言並沒有價值，因為遊客們給環境帶來了很大的損壞，同時這也是一種奢侈的行為，就像Greta Thunberg曾經展示過，以零排放的形式橫渡大西洋，那麼人們也應該相處更優化的旅行方式，因為目前的方式並不符合可持續的需求。
Dima Stouhi：對於我這種需要簽證的人來說，旅行太奢侈了。
Everyone wants to travel the world, whether it's to meet new people, taste new food, or visit new places. Travel is consequently an extremely lucrative industry, but tourist destinations are getting more crowded than ever and associated pollution emissions are only worsening the climate emergency.
Why do we travel? In this edition of Editor's Talk, four editors from ArchDaily based in Lebanon, the United States, and Chile share their thoughts on the meaning of travel, and why tourists enjoying a beach in a location like Brazil should also care about the cities they visit
Nicolas Valencia: Travel was June's Monthly Topic. Back then we published articles about architecture guides and travel-related typologies, but we didn't talk about the experience of traveling. What does travel mean to you?
Dima Stouhi: I was born and raised in Lebanon, but I'm moving to Switzerland next month. This will be the first time that I experience living abroad. Because Lebanon is so different from any other country, traveling is incredibly important for me to see how other people live and what other cultures are like.
Eric Baldwin: I often introduce myself by saying that I’m a farm kid from rural Iowa. My idea of the world, including different cultures and ways of working, was limited for much of my youth. In college, that worldview expanded greatly. I was able to study and travel around the world, in places like China, Italy, and Greece. I believe that context is everything; travel is one way to expand your context.
Christele Harrouk: I was born in Beirut too, coming from French roots, so It was always easier for me to travel, and it was always an option for me to live abroad. Nevertheless, I never opted for this choice: I did spend a couple of months here and there, but to me, the notion of home was more important. Traveling has opened my eyes to what this world holds, and it has also made me better appreciate what I had and took for granted.
Nicolas Valencia: But it's still a luxury nowadays.
Eric Baldwin: Travel has been priceless to me, but it’s also become terribly destructive to our environment. In many ways, it is a luxury. As Greta Thunberg showed when sailing across the Atlantic on a zero-emissions yacht, we have to come up with better ways to travel. Our current conditions are becoming more and more unsustainable.
Dima Stouhi: Traveling is definitely a luxury now. Especially for people who need visas to travel, like me.
如果你去旅行了，那麼你就是一位失敗者
If you travel, you are a loser
Charles-de-Gaulle airport, Terminal 1, Paris, 1967-1974. Image © Paul Maurer
Nicolas Valencia：在6月份，我們推出了一篇文章，標題為“旅行的時代已經結束”，作者說，“如果你為了謀生而旅行，那麼你就是一位失敗者，如果你為了看風景而旅行，那麼你就是地球的敵人。”
Eric Baldwin：這其實是一種偏激的說法，旅行還是很重要，但是可以有更好的方式，或者可以在不傷害環境的前提下，把人們聚集起來，從而更好地保護環境。
Christele Harrouk：旅行是一種學習的純粹形式，也能夠獲取到最為真實的各種信息，但是我們總是有這樣的想法，如果你不好好利用這些經歷，那麼它們就毫無益處，這個過程就是徒勞的。我遇到的人越多越發現，很多看似徜徉的人們都封閉著自己的內心。
Dima Stouhi：旅行的想法現在不一樣了，人們的旅行目的是為了告訴別人自己去過哪裡，他們並沒有考慮到一路上會給環境帶來怎樣的傷害。
Nicolas Valencia：Dima說到點上了。旅行成為了一種空虛的方式，人們的目的是說自己去過這個地方，對於那些在旅行中並無所獲的人們我持有批評的態度，但是我也會想，“為什麼他們會以同樣的方式經歷這些歷程？”
Dima Stouhi：那麼這就是問題的所在了，這是個角度為聽你，我對沒有從旅行中學到東西的人們也持有懷疑的態度。雖然人們各不相同，但是至少一次經歷、一座建築，甚至一餐美食都能給他們留下印記，這其實也與他們在旅行中所關注的東西相關。
Eric Baldwin：我們旅行著工作、探索、聯繫家人和朋友、發帖子、逃避日常生活。但是隻要我們對這些事情持有質疑、且對環境負責的態度，那麼旅行就有意義。除了場所之外，“好”或是“壞”的遊客也需要承擔一定的責任。如果你只是為了逃避日常生活而旅行，但是你並不瞭解旅行城市的風土熱情，那這就不好嗎？這其實是整體背景的問題。
Nicolas Valencia: In June we published an article titled The Age of Travel is Over. The author says that "if you travel to earn your living, you are a loser. If you travel to see places, or to learn, you are an enemy of the planet."
Eric Baldwin: I think it was meant to be a sort of provocation. Travel is still so important, but that doesn't mean there aren't better ways to travel. Or that we shouldn't continue to imagine new modes of connection that bring us together and expand our context without harming the environment.
Christele Harrouk: Traveling is a pure form of learning, possibly the most genuine way of getting information, but I always go back to the idea that if you don't do anything with these experiences, they become useless and the whole process becomes futile in a way. The more I meet people, the more I discover that a lot of them, who pretend to roam the globe, are so closed into themselves.
Dima Stouhi: The idea of traveling is different now. People want to travel to show everyone that they traveled or just for the sake of traveling. There isn't much thought to what they harm along the way.
Nicolas Valencia: Dima has a point. Traveling has become a sort of meta-traveling: visit a place to say you visited a place. I'm very critical of those who don't learn anything from traveling, but then, I think, "Why should they experience it the same way I do?
Dima Stouhi: That's the thing, it's a matter of perspective. I doubt that people "never learn" from traveling. Regardless of how different each individual is, at least one experience, building, or even meal is going to get stuck in their head. It's just a matter of what people are paying attention to while traveling.
Eric Baldwin: We travel to work, to discover, to connect with family or friends, to get the perfect Instagram post, to escape. As long as we continue to question why, and whether we are doing so responsibly, I think travel will continue to have meaning. Beyond location, I think being a "good" vs. a "bad" tourist is part responsibility and part perspective. If you travel to escape your daily life and enjoy a beach in Brazil, but you don’t care to learn about the city, people, or culture you visit, is that inherently bad? Again, it’s a matter of context.
有許多旅行者的城市
Cities for rich tourists
© Dan Davison, under license CC BY 2.0. ImageA large cruise entering into Venice
Nicolas Valencia：幾天之前，Bloomberg在Instagram裡發表了一張圖標，大意是說明“旅行目的地會變得更加擁擠”，尤其是在歐洲。最近我們也看到，威尼斯的歷史中心開始禁止大型遊輪的駛入。那麼各大城市應該如何應對旅行這件事呢？
Dima Stouhi：我贊同威尼斯的做法。去年8月，我去了梵蒂岡，但是我很想離開，因為太擁擠了。我們好像沒辦法停下來去參觀周圍，Sistine教堂裡甚至沒有駐足參觀的地方。
Eric Baldwin：這十分棘手。它事關文物，那麼保護的文物是否成為了沒有功能性的風景呢？那麼，回到背景這個說法。旅遊給城市帶來了什麼？又帶走了什麼？遺產有任何作用嗎？但是，沒有一座城市保持不變，那麼，旅遊業也會不斷改變。
Dima Stouhi：那麼保護應該是第一位的，因為我們瞭解歷史遺產的價值，但是大多數人並非如此。
Eric Baldwin：我質疑歷史遺產的價值，那麼我們如何權衡遺產問題呢？為什麼金字塔值得保留？這是一個與價值相關的問題，那麼反過來，這也與我們旅行的原因直接相關。
Nicolas Valencia：諸如西班牙等國家就十分依賴於旅遊業，這個產業佔國內GDP的13%。那麼，如果你所在的城市十分依賴旅遊業，那麼整體的監管就十分艱難。無論如何，如果直接限定旅遊業的發展，那麼會影響到中產階級的遊客們。
Christele Harrouk：嗯，但是我也並不確定，也許不是限制，也許是讓它們更具組織性。
Dima Stouhi：我並不相信提升價格和限制旅行是好的解決方式。這就像Christele說的那樣，政府對於旅遊業的組織方式十分重要。
Christele Harrouk：這是城市的責任，它們為不同地區做宣傳，這並不難，只是它們並不會主動做這件事。營銷策略能夠改變遊客的集中程度，或者將遊客分散開來，讓新地區得以發展。
Nicolas Valencia：如果去威尼斯，那麼我就想去城市中心，而不是郊區。
Christele Harrouk：那麼如果在郊區有一座扎哈的作品呢？你也許就會花少一些的時間在市中心了。
Nicolas Valencia: Bloomberg published a chart on Instagram a few days ago explaining that "tourist destinations are only going to get more crowded," especially in Europe. We recently saw Venice ban large cruises from its historical center. How do we think other cities are going to deal with tourism?
Dima Stouhi: I support Venice's decision. I went to Vatican City last year in August. I remember at one point I just wanted to leave because of how crowded it was. We couldn't even stop for one second to look around us. There was no place to stand in the Sistine Chapel. It's sad.
Eric Baldwin: It’s a tricky thing. It’s tied to preservation: when does saving something relegate it to becoming frozen, functionless scenery? Again, I go back to context. What does tourism give to a city, and what does it take away? Does heritage have a part to play? No city remains the same, and in turn, tourism and travel have to change too.
Dima Stouhi: But Eric, the way we see it, preservation comes first because we know and appreciate the value of historical sites. The majority of people don't.
Eric Baldwin: I question the value of historical sites. How do we measure relevance or heritage? Why are the pyramids worth preserving? It’s a question — and battle — of values and those things that define us. In turn, it’s directly related to why we travel.
Nicolas Valencia: Countries such as Spain rely strongly on tourism — the industry accounts for around 13% of its GDP. It's hard to regulate if your city's economy relies so strongly on tourism. Anyway, I'd assume that restricting access to tourists will eventually punish middle-class tourists.
Christele Harrouk: Well, I'm not sure about this. Maybe not restrict accesses but make them more organized.
Dima Stouhi: I don't believe that increasing prices and limiting access to rich tourists is the way to solve it. I think it's like what Christele said: it's how governments organize it that might make a difference.
Christele Harrouk: This is the responsibility of the cities: they have to advertise different areas. It's not difficult, but they just don't take the initiative. Changes in marketing strategies can indirectly reduce the concentration of tourists in one place and divide it into many regions, making new areas grow and develop as well.
Nicolas Valencia: If I'm going to Venice, I'm going to visit downtown, not a peripheral neighborhood.
Christele Harrouk: But if there is a Zaha Hadid building in the periphery, you will go there, and spend less time downtown.
我愛城市品牌
I Love City Branding
A souvenir store located near Times Square in Manhattan, New York. Image © Roman Tiraspolsky
Nicolas Valencia：我們一直在談論歐洲，那麼拉丁美洲呢？非洲呢？亞洲呢？你去過這些地方嗎？
Dima Stouhi：那是夢想的旅行場所！
Nicolas Valencia：在拉丁美洲，我們就對於歐洲和美國更感興趣，而不是自己所在的地區。因此去拉丁美洲的機票非常便宜。
Christele Harrouk：這具有全球性質，你不認為城市品牌就是這麼來的嗎？
Nicolas Valencia：當然了，城市品牌定義了我們對於城市的看法。但是有一件事讓我感到了不安，比如人們在國外呆了一個星期之後，他們就認為自己很瞭解這個國家了。我們都有著不同的想法與生活背景，因此每個人去到某座城市的經歷都完全不同，每個人對於城市的看法也各不相同，那麼這些定義就不存在太多的共性。
Dima Stouhi：我認為這些假定是人們的正常反應。不管是否與他們所見有不同，他們都認為這是一個缺陷。
Eric Baldwin：我認為這是一件很難改變的事情。你去過更多的地方，那麼你就有更多的觀點，但是，你的理解力也有限。人們在參觀某座城市之後，同樣會有一些固定的思維方式，因為你的個人背景和你的旅行也是息息相關的，人們的成長環境對於自身都有很大的限制。
Nicolas Valencia: We have been talking about Europe, but what about Latin America? Africa? Asia? Have you visited these regions?
Dima Stouhi: Dream destinations, big budgets!
Nicolas Valencia: In Latin America, we are more interested in visiting Europe and the US, rather than our own region. This is despite the fact that airfare has plummeted in this region, so it's cheaper than ever to travel across Latin America
Christele Harrouk: This may be global, but don't you think this is where city branding comes in hand?
Nicolas Valencia: Sure, city branding defines what we think about them. But one thing that freaks me out about traveling is that after spending a week abroad, people think they gain a certain power to explain what a whole country is like. We each have different backgrounds of emotions, ideas, and expectations, so a gay man visiting a city after breaking up might have a totally different experience from a heterosexual woman who meets a guy in that same city. Each person's visions of the same city are completely unique, which means these narratives can't be universal..
Dima Stouhi: I think these assumptions are a normal human reaction. Whatever is different from what they usually see, they pin-point it as if it were a flaw..
Eric Baldwin: I think that's a very hard thing to change. You inherently have more perspective than someone who has never been there, but at the same time, you have an inherently limited understanding as well. I think the after-visit stereotypes will continue to happen, as Identity is always tied to travel and context. How that context is shaped happens in a myriad of ways, and defines who we are.
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