遇見紅色：色彩對建築的視覺增強作用
Seeing Red: 4 Times the Color Has Enhanced Architecture and Why
紅色無處不在，例如停車指示標，亦或是口紅與紅酒，這種不斷在日常用品中出現的色彩在人們的腦海中形成潛意識。紅色有時能夠與背景很好地呼應，但是人們為什麼會為之吸引？為什麼古老的穴居人民會選擇使用赭石色牆體？為什麼紅色能象徵革命？為什麼大型場合需要紅毯，而不是綠色或者藍色？雖然這些問題的答案至今都無人能解，但紅色在建築中的運用總是經過精心設計。
紅色象徵著熱情、危險、革命、繁榮，以及愛情，不同的含義使顏色的運用方式也更為慎重。建築師常常將它用作某種工具，來喚起某種意識。以下是運用了紅色的建築項目：
Red is everywhere. From stop signs to bricks and lipstick to wine, our constant use of the color in everyday objects has slowly taken over our subconscious. Red is a color that always blends with the context, telling us how to feel or what to think, but why are we attracted to it? Why did cavemen choose ochre-based paint to draw on their walls? Why do revolutions always seem to use red to stir support? Why do we parade celebrities down red carpets, when green or blue would surely do the same job? While the answers to these questions may be vague and indefinite, red’s use in architecture is almost always meticulously calculated.
Simultaneously symbolizing passion, danger, revolution, prosperity, and love, the various interpretations of the red make it one of the most deliberately-used colors in architecture. Architects regularly use it as a tool to tell a story or evoke a specific reaction. Here’s a list of projects where the color red has been effectively implemented.
licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. Image nenamaz
licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Image urskalberer
拉維萊特公園 / 伯納德•屈米
也許沒有其他建築師能比屈米更懂紅色。屈米一直認為紅色是其作品的核心部分，他相信，紅色不僅僅只是一種顏色，還代表了一種理念。在其作品拉維萊特公園中，紅色的運用既表達了歷史內涵，也表達了設計理念。在巴黎，這裡曾經是法國肉類批發市場（French National Wholesale Meat Market）和屠宰場，因此，這些解構主義作品的生成及色彩都與場地的原始功能有關。另外，紅色能夠將遊客吸引至屈米精心設計的互動空間裡，這類似於花朵通過美麗的色彩來吸引蜜蜂與蝴蝶，因此，這些建築也代表著當地的社區感。
Parc de la Villette / Bernard Tshumi
There may not be an architect more synonymous with red than Bernard Tshumi. Consistently using red at the core of his work, Tshumi believes that ‘red is not a color,’ but instead an idea. In the case of Parc de la Villette, the choice of using red carried both a historical and conceptual significance. Located in Paris, the site used to be home to the French National Wholesale Meat Market and Slaughterhouse; hence the crimson, bloody facades of the various deconstructivist follies reference to the former function of the land. More importantly, red draws visitors towards the spaces where Tshumi hopes to initiate interaction - similar to how flowers use their color to encourage pollination - acting as a beacon to gather members of the community.
Courtesy of architecten de vylder vinck taillieu
Courtesy of architecten de vylder vinck taillieu
DC L-Berg / Architecten de Vylder Vinck Taillieu
比利時建築師de Vylder Vinck Taillieu也常常運用色彩來強調方案的某些部分，例如運用綠色來表達結構，或運用白色來表達舊建築中的新構件。然而，最吸引眼球的也許是DC L-Berg的擴建項目，在該項目中，他們在這裡用紅色突出顯示了在每個施工過程中所犯的許多錯誤。將整個加工過程視為一項有趣的冒險活動，dVVT通過紅色的戲謔特徵來表達一些輕微的瑕疵，例如混凝土的各種誤澆，還有管道的不規則定位，以及牆體上的紅色標記。
Belgian-based architects de Vylder Vinck Taillieu often use color to emphasize parts of a scheme, whether it’s green to show structure or white to show new inserts in old buildings. Most striking, however, is their renovation and expansion of DC L-Berg, where they use red to highlight the many mistakes made during each construction process. Treating the entire finishing process as a fun venture, dVVT embrace the slight imperfections and in doing so emphasize the playful side that red can bring - almost putting a clown’s nose upon the various mis-pourings of concrete, the irregular positioning of pipes, and several red tape marks on the walls.
Helene Binet
Helene Binet
Philip Vile
英國國家大劇院紅色臨時場館 / Haworth Tompkins
該項目位於英國倫敦國家劇院的旁側，是一個臨時的表演空間，建築的深紅色面板與周邊的白色混凝土形成對比，表達了令人震驚且神秘的存在感。建築師Haworth Tompkins通過紅色牆體喚起戲劇簾幕的象徵含義，並且將舞臺由內至外完全展示出來。就人們的心理而言，紅色能夠喚起力量、愛情、激情、慾望等強烈情感，而這些情感則常常通過舞者在舞臺上的表現而演繹，因此這座建築自身也成為了這些情感的象徵。
The Shed / Haworth Tompkins
A temporary performance space located beside the National Theatre in London, UK, the Shed’s deeply stained crimson planks have a “startling and enigmatic presence,” boldly contrasting the surrounding pale concrete. In the brave choice of color, Haworth Tompkins play on the symbolism of the red curtain in theatre, moving the grand reveal of the stage from the interior to the exterior. Psychologically, the intense emotions that red evokes - power, love, passion, desire - are all emphasized on the stage during a performance, allowing the building itself to make a statement befitting of its function.
Courtesy of West 8
Courtesy of West 8
萬橋花園 / West8
就亞洲而言，紅色更具內涵。在中國文化中，紅色代表著財富、歡樂與幸運，因為在中國傳統的陶器與藝術之中，藝術家們幾乎用的都是赭石色顏料。在2011年西安世界園藝博覽會中，荷蘭West8事務所便運用紅色描繪了一幅代表希望與成功的畫卷。建築師設計了5座環形紅色橋體，象徵著未來的繁榮與昌盛，並且通過紅色來表達建築與城市的連接。與其他項目所運用的紅色相比，該項目的紅色更為純粹，並且融合微妙與自然的美學理念，在其中，人與自然完美地融合。
“花園似乎在訴說著一個故事，他們將詩歌與故事結合，萬橋花園似乎代表著人的一生，人生就是這樣一條道路，其中充滿了未知與負擔，但同時也有興奮與喜悅。花園的設計讓你走在這條蜿蜒如迷宮般的小道上，同時感受人生的崎嶇，也讓你找到通向自然的道路，讓你走過人生的無數座橋。”
Garden of 10,000 Bridges / West8
Across Asia, red has a great significance. Chinese culture portrays it as the color of wealth, joy, and luck, in which the country’s earliest pottery and art show an extensive use of ochre-based dyes and paints. Capturing this historic culture, the Garden of 10,000 Bridges by Dutch-based firm West8 paints a picture of hope and success. Built as part of the Xi’an Horticultural Exposition in 2011, the five circular, red bridges suggest infinite prosperity, using the cultural symbolism of a color to connect with the community around it. In contrast to the synthetic reds of other projects, the use of red within the render creates a more subtle, natural aesthetic, where the human interventions seamlessly blend into nature.
“Gardens tell a story. They combine poetry and narrative. The Garden of 10,000 Bridges represents the human life; the path of people’s lifetime, which is a route of uncertainty and burden, but also of highlights and elation. The garden design takes you on this walk of life as a meandering, winding trail – continuous and like a labyrinth. It lets you find your way through nature and takes you over 10,000 bridges”
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