疑问
后置处理器有什么作用？
BeanPostProcessor是什么时候被加载到Spring容器中的？
BeanPostProcessor保存在什么地方？
什么时候调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法？
什么时候调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization方法？
本文将带着上述5个问题对Spring的后置处理器进行揭秘
SpringBoot启动流程简述
SpringBoot在启动过程中，首先会对创建Spring应用上下文ApplicationContext，并为其准备环境变量Environment，然后会扫描包下面的所有bean，并对bean进行解析验证，验证通过后会将bean加载到Spring容器中，加载完成后会对所有的bean进行初始化（即完成bean的生命周期），在进行其生命周期的过程中就会调用BeanPostProcessor相关的方法，对bean进行包装，如设置bean的属性值等；在初始化bean之前，就会将对应的后置处理器加载到Spring容器中。
SpringBoot注册BeanPostProcessor
在Spring组件开发过程中经常会使用到BeanPostProcessor接口，一个类实现了BeanPostProcessor接口，这个类就是一个后置处理器，而后置处理器的作用就是可以对bean进行代理及包装。下面将介绍BeanPostProcessor的注册过程
在AbstractApplicationContext类的下述方法中会对BeanPostProcessor进行注册
registerBeanPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory)
然后Spring会委托注册后置处理器的代理类PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate来注册BeanPostProcessor
public static void registerBeanPostProcessors(
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext) {
//从Spring容器beanFactory中找到所有实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的类名称
String[] postProcessorNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(BeanPostProcessor.class, true, false);
//省略其余代码...
//通过类名称来创建具体的后置处理器 此处为伪代码 Spring中会将BeanPostProcessor分为多种类型的BeanPostProcessor接口
List<beanpostprocessor> postProcessors = new ArrayList<>();/<beanpostprocessor>
for (String ppName : postProcessorNames) {
BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);
postProcessors.add(pp);
}
//获取到的后置处理器实例后，将其注册到beanFactory中
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, postProcessors);
//省略其余代码...
}
接着会遍历List数组
private static void registerBeanPostProcessors(
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, List<beanpostprocessor> postProcessors) {/<beanpostprocessor>
for (BeanPostProcessor postProcessor : postProcessors) {
beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(postProcessor)
}
}
将后置处理器保存到AbstractBeanFactory类的下述属性中，在后续的初始化bean生命周期过程中会遍历所有后置处理，调用其postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization方法
/** BeanPostProcessors to apply in createBean */
private final List<beanpostprocessor> beanPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();/<beanpostprocessor>
@Override
public void addBeanPostProcessor(BeanPostProcessor beanPostProcessor) {
Assert.notNull(beanPostProcessor, "BeanPostProcessor must not be null");
this.beanPostProcessors.remove(beanPostProcessor);
//保存后置处理器
this.beanPostProcessors.add(beanPostProcessor);
}
Bean生命周期过程
后置处理器的调用就在bean的生命周期中完成，可参考BeanFactory接口类上的注释，了解bean的整个生命周期过程
在spring启动过程中，会有很多次调用getBean方法来创建或获取bean实例
@Override
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
}
@Override
public T getBean(String name, @Nullable Class requiredType) throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, requiredType, null, false);
}
@Override
public Object getBean(String name, Object... args) throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, null, args, false);
}
如果spring容器没有创建好名称为name的bean，就会先去调用下述方法去创建这个bean
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean()
创建bean的过程中会先通过下述方法进行属性填充
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper)
填充完成以后，接着去调用下述方法初始化bean
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd)
初始化bean的过程就是bean的生命周期执行过程，而后置处理器BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization方法调用就在此过程中完成
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
//省略部分代码...
//调用Aware接口的setXXX方法
invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
Object wrappedBean = bean;
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
//调用BeanPostProcessor接口的BeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization方法
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
try {
//调用自定义的init-method方法
invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
}catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
(mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
}
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
//调用BeanPostProcessor接口的postProcessAfterInitialization方法
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
return wrappedBean;
}
执行invokeAwareMethods时，会判断当前bean是否实现XXXAware接口，如果实现了XXXAware接口，则会去调用setXXX方法
private void invokeAwareMethods(final String beanName, final Object bean) {
if (bean instanceof Aware) {
if (bean instanceof BeanNameAware) {
((BeanNameAware) bean).setBeanName(beanName);
}
if (bean instanceof BeanClassLoaderAware) {
ClassLoader bcl = getBeanClassLoader();
if (bcl != null) {
((BeanClassLoaderAware) bean).setBeanClassLoader(bcl);
}
}
if (bean instanceof BeanFactoryAware) {
((BeanFactoryAware) bean).setBeanFactory(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.this);
}
}
}
执行applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization方法，会遍历Spring容器中所有的后置处理器，而且会调用每个后置处理器的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法
@Override
public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
Object result = existingBean;
for (BeanPostProcessor beanProcessor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
Object current = beanProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(result, beanName);
if (current == null) {
return result;
}
result = current;
}
return result;
}
执行invokeInitMethods方法，会先判断当前的bean有没有实现InitializingBean接口，如果实现了，则会调用InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet()方法，然后判断是否自定义了init-method，如果有，则会执行其init-method
protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) throws Throwable {
//省略部分代码
//调用afterPropertiesSet方法
((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
//判断如果自定义了init-method，就会执行init-method
if (mbd != null && bean.getClass() != NullBean.class) {
String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName();
if (StringUtils.hasLength(initMethodName) &&
!(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet".equals(initMethodName)) &&
!mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {
invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
}
}
最后执行applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization方法，会遍历Spring容器中所有的后置处理器，而且会调用每个后置处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization方法
@Override
public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
Object result = existingBean;
for (BeanPostProcessor beanProcessor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
Object current = beanProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(result, beanName);
if (current == null) {
return result;
}
result = current;
}
return result;
}
通过bean的生命周期执行过程，就可了解BeanPostProcessor的整个调用过程