Unit5
一、重點詞彙：invite, film, smell, seem, lonely, lively, almost,role,exam, strict, shy, fail, someone, feeling, joke,usual,either, accept, lovely, helpful, international,deal, elder,refuse, anyone, though, test, nervous, speech, rich,sick,proud, anyway, ready,passport,boss,grandson,environment, especially, fill, trouble, loud, noise,spirit,silent, decision, sense, fantastic, soft, fear,difficulty
二、目標短語：
invite to 邀請……去……
say thanks to sb.向某人道謝
a ticket to ……的票券
care for 照顧,照料
cheer up(使)振作起來
come into being 形成,成立
be full of 充滿
make peace with sb.與某人和解
be popular with 受……歡迎
be strict with 對……嚴格要求
worry about 擔心,擔憂
take it easy 別緊張,彆著急
at one’s age 在某人的年齡
tell jokes 講笑話
with the help of 在……幫助下
be/ get used to (doing)sth.習慣於(做)某事
all the time 總是,一直
deal with 處理,解決
even though 即使,儘管
no longer/ not any longer 不再
give a speech 發表演講
be in a bad mood 情緒不好
be proud of 以……自豪
give sb. a surprise 給某人一個驚喜
get ready for 為……做準備
fill with(使)裝滿,充滿
be crowded with 擠滿
think over 仔細考慮
make a decision做決定
三、重點句型
1.—How are you doing?
—Very well, thank you.
2. You look excited.
3.—He felt disappointed because he was not able to
buy a ticket to The Sound of Music.
—What a pity!
4. He seems a little unhappy.
5. It’s so funny and interesting.
6. We felt excited to hear it.
7.In China it used to be popular with old people while young people didn’t like it very much.
8. What seems to be the problem?
9.She feels very lonely because she has no friends to talk with.
10. Why don’tyou talk to someone when you feel sad?
11. Everyone gets these feelings at your age.
12. How time flies!
13. What’s more, I couldn’t sleep as well as usual.
14. The food was not as delicious as ours,either.
15. Please give my best wishes to your parents.
16. Is there anything wrong?
17. You see a snake lying on the road.
18.Think it over before making an important decision.
四、功能意念句型
1.高興
I’m so happy!
That’s lovely/ great/ very exciting/ wonderful!
How wonderful/ nice!
It’s well done. I’mpleased to know that.
2.驚奇
Really?
Oh dear!
Is that so?
What a surprise!
How nice to see you!
How surprising!
I’m surprised!
Does that
What’s wrong?
What’sthe matter?
Anything wrong?
What should we do?
Are you worried about your health?
I’m worried.
4.安慰
There, there.
Don’t be afraid.
Don’ t worry.
It’s(quite) all right.
It’ll be OK/ all right.
Take it easy.
5.滿意
Wow! Sounds great!
Good!
Well done!
It’s so exciting.
Perfect!
That’s fine.
That’s better.
That’s good enough.
I’m pleased with your spoken English.
6.遺憾
What a pity!
I’m so sorry!
It’s a great pity!
What a shame!
That’s too bad.
7.同情
I’m so sorry!
I’m sorry to hear that.
I’m so sorry about your illness.
I’m sorry to hear you are going away.
Please accept my deep sympathy.
8.恐懼
Help!
How terrible!
I’m afraid of that dog.
I’m frightened.
I’m afraid of taking bitter medicine.
五、語法項目
1.系動詞+形容詞結構｡
2.由because引導的原因狀語從句｡
3.形容詞的同級比較(as... as... , not as/ so... as...)｡
4.簡單句的六種基本句型｡
Unit6
一、重點詞彙：field, proper, price, total, pay, hotel, fridge,standard, single, condition, comfortable, raise,king,queen, common, Canadian, dollar, somebody, top,
receive, postcard, vacation, camp, north, east,west,wait, bicycle, tour, space, push, direction, step,beside, experience, everywhere, passenger, crazy,anywhere, pollution, advantage, careless, safety,truck, notice, empty, Asia, among, France, mile,central, winner explain, Europe, French, town,
village, slow, opposite, rush
二、目標短語
spring field trip 春遊
find out 發現,查明
decide on sth.對某事做出決定
air conditioner 空調
a standard room with one single bed 單人標準間
raise money 籌錢
look forward to(doing) sth.期望(做)某事
hear from 收到……來信
prepare for 準備
on vacation 度假
work out 算出,制定,完成
in all directions 向四面八方
push out 推開,擠出
as soon as 一……就……
be famous for 以……著名
can’t help doing 禁不住做
be/ get used to 習慣於……
agree/ disagree with sb.同意(不同意)某人的觀點
pay attention to 注意
in case of 如果,假使
look out 小心
三、重點句型：
1.Boys and girls, I have some exciting news to tell you!
2.We’re going on a three⁃day visit to Mount Tai.
3. What do you think your trip will be like?
4.It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
5.I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
6. The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
7.Why don’t we put on a show to raise money?
8.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.
9. It’s about one and a half hours by bike.
10.He was too worried to think about what to do.
11.He didn’t raise his head until someone called him.
12.While we were having fun exploring, I found that Darren was lost.
13.When I first arrived,I was afraid of riding my bike anywhere.
14. If we break the traffic rules, we may get a fine and even be in danger.
15.In case of an accident, bicycle riders should know how to give first aid.
六、功能意念句型
提醒注意
Don’t forget your raincoat.
Remember to lock the door.
Mind your head/ step!
No smoking!
No spitting!
Wet floor!
Look out!
Be careful!
It’s dangerous!
Don’t touch!
Don’t push!
No photos here!
五、語法項目
.動詞不定式作定語､表語､賓語､賓語補足語､目的狀語和主語等｡
2.由while,after, before, as, when, until 和as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句｡
3. if 引導的條件狀語從句｡
Unit7
一、核心詞彙
task, touch, success, imagine, soup, cookie, pancake,set, blind, western, Indian, African, Russian, address,regret, group, member, purpose, oil, add, noodle, bowl,quick, pear, piece, polite, fork, dish, spoon, chopstick,finger, southern, pick, lady, gentleman, sale, guest,menu, bill, corn, salad, lemon, bean, carrot, seat, job,worth, education, develop
二、目標短語
turn to sb.向某人求助
get in touch with(與……)取得聯繫
try one＇s best 盡最大努力
set the table 擺放餐具
have a sweet tooth 愛吃甜食
fight against 反抗,和……打架
as a result 結果
make a change 改變
in order to 為了
come true 變為現實,成為事實
cut up 切碎,剁碎
table manners 餐桌禮儀
drink to sb. / sth.為某人/ 某事幹杯(或祝酒)
far away from 遠離
pick up 撿起,獲得,收拾
for sale 待售
pay the bill 結賬
have a seat 請坐
in short 總之;簡而言之
not only… but also … 不僅……而且……
三、重點句型
1.My task is to make a poster.
2. I will think about how to hold the food festival.
3. Let＇s try our best to make it a success.
4. That＇s good enough.
5. Thank you for inviting me to your food festival.
6. I regret that I cannot come.
7. But I＇m not sure whether I can cook it well.
8.—Would you like me to help you?
—Yes, please.It＇s very kind of you.
9.Could you tell us how to make it?
10.—Would you mind if we learn to make it
from you?
—Of course not.
11. Practice makes perfect.
12. Help yourself to some soup.
13. Remember not to drink too much.
14.If you can＇t remember these rules, just do as
other people do.
15.—Do you know whether or not it＇s impolite to
smoke during a meal in France?
—Yes, I do.It＇s impolite.
四、功能意念句型
1.就餐
(1)—Would you like something to eat/ drink?
—Yes, I＇d like some meat/ a cup of tea/ ．．．
(2)—What would you like (to have)?
—Rice and chicken, please.
(3)—May I take your order?
—Certainly. I＇d like ．．．
(4)—May I have the bill,please?
—Let me see. It＇s ￥50.
—Here you are.
—Here＇s your change. Thanks for coming.
(5)—How much would you like?
—Just a little, please.
(6)—What would you like for breakfast?
—Eggs and milk.
(7)—Would you like some more fish?
—No, thanks. I＇d had enough. / I＇m full.
(8)—Help yourselves to some soup.
—Thank you. It＇s delicious.
(9)—May I have the menu, please?
—OK. Here it is.
(10)—Here is a table for two. Is it OK?
—Sure. We＇ll take it.
2.建議
Let＇s go and have a look.
What/ How about a picnic this Sunday?
Why don＇t you buy a computer?
Why not go to a movie?
You＇d better take a camera.
You shouldn＇t miss Xishuangbanna.
3.順序
What did you do next?
Finally we found the lost boy.
It rained even harder later on.
First, Second, Third, Fourth, Finally
First… Second … Next … Then … After that …
Finally …
五、語法項目
1.that,if/ whether 引導的賓語從句｡
2.副詞的比較級和最高級｡
Unit8
一、核心詞彙smooth, silk, handbag, afford, tie, sweater, scarf, blouse, sock, pocket, size, pretty, handsome, succeed, customer, simple, business, discuss, meaning, depend, survey, interview, enter, knee, text, reason, heat, airport, officer, patient, spread, daily, northern, similar, traditional, Asian, personal, express, above, list, choice, mix
二、目標短語
so … that 如此……以至於…… prepare for 準備
be made of 由……製成
protect…from…保護……不受……的侵害
easy⁃going 隨和的
depend on 取決於;依靠
agree with sb.同意某人的觀點
plain clothes 便衣
carry out 開展,執行
special task 特殊任務
stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
on every occasion 在每個場合
take off 脫下,摘掉
in one＇s opinion 在某人看來
as well as 除……之外;也還
model the clothes 展示時裝
minority costume 少數民族服裝
stand for 代表
become known to 為……所知,聞名於……
from then on 從那時起
be different from 與……不同
either … or … 或者……或者……
well⁃known 著名的,眾所周知的
at one time 曾經
三、重點句型
1.What a nice coat!
2.I liked it so much that my father bought it for me.
3.—Shall we meet at the school gate at 8 ∶00 a.m.? —All right.
4.—Excuse me, could you tell me where to buy a scarf? —Sure. You can go to the Women＇s Wear Section on the third floor.
5.—What size do you take? —Size M.
6.It＇s such a cool windbreaker that you should buy it
at once.
7. It＇s important for you to help people choose suitable clothing.
8. But nowadays, clothes do more than just keep us warm.
9. She says that our school plans to make uniforms for us.
10. It depends on who will design our uniforms.
11. She asks what materials they should choose.
12.—Could you tell me where the special shoes are? —This way, please.
13.It is suitable for us to wear business suits in a meeting.
14. Here come the models!
15.The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture.
四、功能意念句型
1. 購物
—Can/ May I help you? / What can I do for you?
—I＇d like a scarf. —What would you like to buy?
—I＇d like these cotton pants. —Would you like to try on another pair?
—What about the blue one? It＇s made of natural materials.
—What color would you like?
—I＇d like red. —Perfect!
—How many/ much would you like?
—Two and a half kilos, please.
—May I try it/ them on?
—Sure. / OK. / Certainly. That＇s fine. I＇ll take it/ them. Well, I＇ll think about it/ them. Sorry, it＇s too expensive. Just have a look.
2. 特徵
(1)形狀
—What＇s the shape of your present?
—It＇s round/ long/ tall/ short. It＇s a circle/ square. It＇s a U⁃shaped road.
—What does it look like? —It looks like a camel.
(2)價錢
—How much is it/ are they?
—It＇s/ They＇re 80 yuan / dollars. Is it cheap/
—What size of shoes do you wear?
—Size S/ M/ L. It＇s too big/ small/ long/ short for me.
(4)材料
—What is it made of/ from?
—It＇s made of/ from wood.
五、語法項目
1.so that, so … that, such… that …引導的狀語從句｡
2. It is+adj.+that 從句和It is+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth. 句型｡
3.由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句
八年級下冊語法精講
Unit 5-topic1
連繫動詞的種類及其基本用法
一、連繫動詞的種類。
連繫動詞也叫系動詞，是表示主語“是什麼”或“怎麼樣”的詞。它本身有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，後面必須跟表語，構成系表結構來說明主語的狀況、性質、特徵等。主要有：be, become, get,turn,grow, look, feel, seem, sound, taste, smell, appear等。常見的連繫動詞可分為五種。
1. 狀態系動詞：只有be一詞。
I am used to going about alone. 我習慣於獨來獨往。
2. 持續系動詞：表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有keep, remain,stay, rest, lie, stand。
I hope you’ll stay healthy. 我希望你身體好。
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。
The door remained closed. 門仍然關著。
3.表像系動詞：表示“看起來好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。
He appeared quite well. 他顯得身體相當好。
4. 感官系動詞：表示“……起來”，有feel (摸起來，感覺) , smell (聞起來) ,sound (聽起來) , taste (嚐起來，吃起來) 等。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布摸起來很軟。
They looked very tired. 他們看起來很累。
It sounds a good idea. 這聽起來是個好主意。
This food tastes good. 這食物嚐起來不錯。
5.變化系動詞：表示主語變成什麼樣，即表示從一種狀態變為另一種狀態。主要有become,grow, turn, fall,get, go, come, run。
He became mad after that. 自那之後，他瘋了。
She has grown thinner and thinner. 她越來越瘦了。
When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到這，臉紅了。
Several people fell ill after eating unhealthy food. 幾個人
吃了不衛生的食物後生病了。
She went pale at the news. 聽到這消息，她的臉色變
得蒼白。
二、連繫動詞的基本用法。
1. 連繫動詞後通常可接形容詞作表語，一般不接副詞。
他的英語似乎很好。
誤：His English seemsvery well.
正：His English seemsvery good.
但是，有時連繫動詞後也可接副詞作表語，不過
這主要限於in, on, off, out,away, up, down, over, around, inside,outside等少數副詞以及here, there,upstairs, downstairs等少數表示地點或方位的副詞。
Mother wasn’t in last night. 母親昨晚不在家。
The meeting was over at five.會議五點結束。
Mother is downstairs waiting for you.母親在樓下等你。
2. 關於連繫動詞後接不定式：
(1) 連繫動詞 be 後根據情況可自由地接不定式作表語：
My dream is to be a scientist. 我的夢想是當一名科學家。
(2) seem, appear, get, grow, come等連繫動詞後也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表語：
She always seems to be sad. 她常常顯得很憂傷。
She appears to have many friends. 她好像有很多朋友。
【溫馨提示】若所接不定式為to be，通常可以省略。不過，若其後接的是表語形容詞，則to be 通常不宜省略。
Unit 5-topic2
原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句表示主句所發生的原因或理由。通常由because, as, since等詞引導。
e.g. Because I lost my cellphone, I didn’t call you yesterday.
因為我手機丟了，所以昨天沒有給你打電話。
We chose Calvert to lead us as he said he knew the way.
我們選擇讓卡爾弗特帶我們走，因為他說他認識路。
Since you are so young, you should be modest.
既然你這麼年輕，就應該謙虛一點。
以上例子都是原因狀語從句，但從從屬連詞方面來說，它們有區別。
1.because語氣最強，用於回答why的提問，從句可放於句首，也可放句尾，想強調什麼，就把什麼放在句首。
e.g. He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
他沒去上學，是因為他病了。
Because they asked me to do it, I did it.
因為他們要我做，所以我做了。
2. as 和since 語氣較弱，用來表示非常明顯的原因或者對方已經瞭解的原因，引導的從句一般要放在句首。
e.g. As he knew nothing about the matter, he kept quiet
during the meeting.
因為他對此事一無所知，所以在會上什麼也沒說。
Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.
既然我們沒有錢， 就不能買它。
3. for表示的原因不是直接原因，而是多種情況的推測，是一種補充說明，因此for引導的分句一般不放在句首，屬並列句。
e.g. He wore more clothes, for it was cold.
因為天氣很冷，他多穿了些衣服。
He was blamed for being late again.
他因再次遲到而受到責備。
副詞或形容詞的同級比較
大多數形容詞或副詞有比較等級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。
形容詞副詞的同級比較結構:
1.肯定句的句式結構。
A + be + as+形容詞/副詞原級+as+B: 表示A、B兩者
比較程度相同，即“A和B一樣……”。
e.g. This film is as interesting as that one.
Diana sings as sweetly as her sister.戴安娜唱得和她姐
姐一樣甜美。
這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。
2.否定句的句式結構。
A+ be+not +as/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as+B: 表示A、B兩者程度不同，即“A不如B那麼……”。
e.g. Spring is not as/so cold as winter.
春天不像冬天那麼冷。
She didn't sing so/as well that night as she usuallydoes.那
天晚上她沒有平常唱得那麼好。
3. 表示倍數，如“一半/兩倍/三倍/四倍/……”相
當於“
half/twice/threetimes/four times/ ... + as 形容詞或副詞原
級+as ...”結構。
e.g. The room is twice as large as that one.
這個房間是那個房間的兩倍大。
The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飛機
的飛行高度是那隻風箏的十倍。
Unit 5-topic3
Unit 6-topic1
動詞不定式
一、 動詞不定式含義
動詞不定式其構成形式為“to+動詞原形”，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身沒有詞義，有時還可以省略，但還保留著動詞的若干特徵。動詞不定式可以連同它的附屬成分一起組成不定式短語。因此，動詞不定式具有三大特點：
1.沒有人稱和數的變化，在句子中不能單獨作謂語；
2.動詞不定式仍保留動詞的特點，可以有自己的賓語和狀語；
3.動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特徵，因此，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。
二、 動詞不定式的用法
1. 動詞不定式作主語一般表示具體的某次動作。
To learn a language well isn’t aneasy thing. 學會一門語
言不是一件容易的事情。
【注意】動詞不定式作主語時，可以用先行詞it作
形式主語，而將不定式真正的主語置於後面。
To do more exercise is very necessary every day. = It It’s very
necessary to do more exercise every day. 每天多做運動是很有
必要的。
【拓展】It’s + adj.+ ( for/ of sb.) + to do sth.
It’s impossiblefor us to finish the heavy task in such a short
time. 我們在這麼短的時間裡完成這麼繁重的任務是不可能的。
It’s verynice of you to get me two tickets for the World
Cup. 謝謝你為我搞到兩張世界盃的門票。
【溫馨提示】如果句子中作表語的形容詞表示事物的性質，如important, necessary, possible,easy, difficult, hard,heavy等，用for引出；如果句中的形容詞表示人的特徵、品德或意願,如 kind,honest, careless, lazy, stupid, clever, foolish,polite, bad等，則用of 引出。
2. It’s+名詞（或名詞短語）(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant
thing, one’s duty,an honor, a shame, a good place, no easy job ...)+ to do sth.
It’s a pityto miss the early bus. 惋惜的是錯過了早班車。
It’s ourduty to clean the classroom every day. 每天打掃教
室是我們的義務。
3. 動詞不定式作表語。動詞不定式常表示將來的動作，主語常常是表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。如wish,dream, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
My dream is to become a pilot in the future. 我的夢想就
是將來當一名飛行員。
The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself. 人生最
難是自知。
4. 動詞不定式作賓語。
能跟動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：afford, agree, ask,begin, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, hate, learn,like, manage,mean, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want等如：
We agree to go to Beijing by plane. 我們答應乘飛機去北京。
I try to keep that in mind. 我努力記住這一點。
【溫馨提示】用作賓語的不定式後面如有補語，可
用it作形式賓語，把不定式放到句子的後部。在這種用法
中,常見的動詞有find,think, feel, make, consider, believe等。
I found it very difficult to fall asleep in the noisyroom. 我覺
得在這個吵鬧的房間裡睡覺很困難。
I think it important to learn English well in college. 我認為
在大學學好英語很重要。
5. 動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
不定式作賓語補足語時,跟在某些及物動詞的賓語之後，對賓語作進一步的補充說明，並與該賓語構成邏輯上的主謂關係。這類及物動詞常見的有：advise, allow, ask,beg, cause, consider, encourage, feel, force, find, hear,invite, let,make, mean, notice, order, require, teach, tell, watch,warn, watch等。
Mr. Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese
food. 李先生經常教他的日本朋友做中國食物。
He invited me to have dinner with him. 他邀請我與他
一起共進晚餐。
【溫馨提示】在某些使役動詞後，如 make, let, have等和表示感覺的動詞，如 see, watch, notice, hear,feel等，作賓語補足語的不定式須不帶o。
His parents make him do too much homework every day.
他的父母讓他每天做大量作業。
I saw Miss Green walk into the classroom just now. 我剛
才看見格林老師走進教室了。
6. 動詞不定式作狀語。不定式用作狀語主要表示目的、結果和原因，也可以表示條件、方式或比較。
(1) 用作目的狀語
He went to see his teacher this morning. 今天上午他去看望他的老師了。
(2) 用作結果狀語
The police searched the room to find nothing. 警察搜查這個房間，什麼也沒有找到。
The ice is thick enough to walk on. 冰很厚，能夠在上面行走。
(3) 用作原因狀語
I’m sorryto hear your mother is ill. 聽到你媽媽生病了
我很難過。
7.動詞不定式作定語。常位於被修飾的名詞(短語)
之後，說明被修飾詞的特徵。
Can you come up with a good way to deal with this
problem? 你們能想出處理這個問題的好辦法嗎？
8. 動詞不定式可以和疑問代詞who, what, which及疑
問副詞when, how, where等連用，構成不定式短語，在句
子中作主語、賓語、表語等。
I don’t knowwhat to say. 我不知道說什麼。
Can you tell me how to make a paper boat？你能告訴
我怎樣做一隻紙船嗎？
9. 動詞不定式的否定形式。
不定式的否定式通常是將否定詞not或never置於不定式之前，即構成not to do 或never to do 。
He told me not to open the door. 他讓我別開門。
Take care not to break the glass. 小心別把玻璃杯打碎了。
I promise never to smoke again. 我保證再也不抽菸了。
【溫馨提示】不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞原形前面加上not。如：
The teacher made us not play computer games in class. 老
師讓我們不要在課堂上玩遊戲。
Unit 6-topic2
時間狀語從句
在複合句中，由時間連接詞引導的狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句。時間狀語從句通常由when, while,as, after, before, since, until, as soon as等詞引導。
一、 when、while和as的用法與區別
三者都表示“當……時候”，需要注意的是：
1. when引導的時間狀語從句中，用動詞的一般現在時表將來。
Mr. Smith will call you up when he arrives in Beijing.
當史密斯先生到達北京時，他將給你打電話。
2. when也能表示“正在這時”。
I was walking in the park, when it began to rain.
我正在公園裡散步，這時天開始下雨了。
3. 與進行時連用時，when相當於while或as。
When/While/ As Jane was playing the violin, Iwalked in quietly. 當簡在拉小提琴時，我悄 悄地走進了。
4. as引導時間狀語從句時表示“當……時；一邊……一邊……”，側重表示兩個動作同時發生。
The boy jumps as he goes along. 那個男孩邊走邊跳。
二、由before和after引導的時間狀語從句用法
before意為“在……之前”，根據具體語境還可意為“還沒來得及/ 還沒有……就……；……才……”等。
after表示主句動作發生在從句動作之後。
We arrived there two days before Christmas.我們在
聖誕節前兩天到了那兒。
Before he knew it, his piece of meat had fallen into the
water. 他還沒有醒悟過來，那塊肉已經掉進水裡了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you
decide. 你仔細考慮過以後，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。
三、as soon as引導的時間狀語從句用法
as soon as意為“一……就”，表將來要發生的動作，遵循“主將從現”的原則；表示兩個緊接著發生的動作，主從句都用一般過去時。
As soon as she comes to the party, we will give hera big surprise. 她一來參加晚會，我們就給她一個大驚喜。（現在）
As soon as he got to the station, the train left. 他一到
達火車站，火車就離開了。(過去)
四、until引導的時間狀語從句用法
1. 在含有until引導的時間狀語從句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是延續性動詞，如：work，live，stay，study，play，wait等，那麼這個主句常用肯定式，表示動作一直延續到until所表示的時間為止。until可意為“直到……為止”。
I’ll workuntil he tells me to stop. 我會一直工作到
他叫我停下來為止。
2. 在含有until引導的時間狀語從句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是非持續性動詞，如：come，go，leave，begin，start，finish等，那麼這個主句常要用否定式，表示某一動作到until所表示的時間才發生。即not ...until... 意為“直到……才……”。如：
She didn’t go tobed until she finished her homework.
直到做完作業， 她才去睡覺。
Unit 6-topic3
賓語從句（Ⅰ）
在句子中起到賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種，在主從複合句中充當賓語，一般位於及物動詞、介詞或複合謂語之後。賓語從句一般分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。學好賓語從句，首先掌握以下兩個要點。
一、 that引導的賓語從句（在非正式場合that可以省略）
that在從句中沒有實在意思，只起到連接作用。
She said (that) she was too busy to go to your concert. 她
說她太忙了而不能參加你的音樂會。
No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meetingthe
next day. 沒有人告訴傑克第二天有班會。
Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn’t pass the exam. 小
湯米擔心這次考試不及格。
【拓展1】可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say,think,wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree,explain, feel,suggest, hear, mean, notice等。
【拓展2】當主句謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose,expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉移至主句表示。
I don’t think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.我
認為他不會在會上發言的。
二、 賓語從句的時態
1.主句是一般現在時，從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。
The worker says (that) he works from Monday to Friday.
那名工人說他從週一至週五上班。(從句是一般現在時）
John says (that) he will leave a message on his desk. 約翰
說要在他桌子上留個便條。（從句是一般將來時）
2.主句是過去時態，從句須用過去時態的某種形式。
He told me that he didn’t go to the library yesterday. 他告
訴我他昨天沒去圖書館。（從句是一般過去時）
He said (that) he was playing football at that time. 他說他
那時在踢足球。（從句是過去進行時）
3.當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現在時態。
The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we putour
hearts into it. 老師告訴我們世上無難事,只怕有心人。
Unit 7-topic1
賓語從句（Ⅰ）
在句子中起到賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種，在主從複合句中充當賓語，一般位於及物動詞、介詞或複合謂語之後。賓語從句一般分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。學好賓語從句，首先掌握以下兩個要點。
一、 that引導的賓語從句（在非正式場合that可以省略）that在從句中沒有實在意思，只起到連接作用。
She said (that) she was too busy to go to your concert. 她
說她太忙了而不能參加你的音樂會。
No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the
next day. 沒有人告訴傑克第二天有班會。
Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn’t pass the exam. 小
湯米擔心這次考試不及格。
【拓展1】可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say, think,wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree, explain, feel,suggest, hear, mean, notice等。
【拓展2】當主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose,expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉移至主句表示。
I don’t think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting. 我
認為他不會在會上發言的。
二、 賓語從句的時態
1.主句是一般現在時，從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。
The worker says (that) he works from Monday to Friday.
那名工人說他從週一至週五上班。(從句是一般現在時）
John says (that) he will leave a message on his desk. 約翰
說要在他桌子上留個便條。（從句是一般將來時）
2.主句是過去時態，從句須用過去時態的某種形式。
He told me that he didn’t go to the library yesterday. 他告
訴我他昨天沒去圖書館。（從句是一般過去時）
He said (that) he was playing football at that time. 他說他
那時在踢足球。（從句是過去進行時）
3.當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現在時態。
The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老師告訴我們世上無難事,只怕有心人。
Unit 7-topic2
賓語從句(Ⅱ)
if或whether引導的賓語從句用法由連接詞if或whether引導的賓語從句，實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的，意思是“是否”。且if或whether引導的賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用。
I wonder whether /if they willhelp me with my English.
我想知道他是否幫助我學英語。
I’m not sure whether/ if I m I’llhave time to visit the museum.
我很難說我們是否有時間參觀博物館。
但是下列情況下，if與whether不能互換使用。
1. 在介詞後面只能用whether，不能用if。
It depends on whether he isready. 這件事要看他是否有準備。
I’m not interested in whetheryou’ll come or not. 你來不來我不感興趣。
2. 在動詞不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。
We decided whether to go for apicnic. 我們決定是否去吃野餐。
3. 在動詞discuss後的賓語從句中，只能用whether，不能用if。
We discussed whether we shouldmake a trip plan. 我們
討論了是不是要制定旅遊計劃。
4. 直接與or not連用時用whether，不能用if。
I can’t say whether or not theycan arrive in Beijing on time. 我不能說他們是否能準時到達北京。
【拓展】只能用if不能用whether的情況if引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果”。
They’ll go on a picnic if itdoesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，他們將去野餐。
even if相當於even though，引導狀語從句時，意為“儘管”；as if引導狀語從句時，意為“好像”。
Even if it’s dark, the farmersare still working in the field.
儘管天晚了，農民們還在田野裡勞動。
Unit 7-topic3
副詞的比較級和最高級
一、副詞的比較級
比較級表示的是兩個人或物中“一個比另一個更……”, 也可用於兩部分之間的比較。
1.句型：A+動詞+副詞的比較級+than+ B意為“A做某事比B更……”。
e.g. His brother worked harder than he/him.
他的兄弟工作比他更努力。
The train runs faster than the busdoes.
火車比汽車快。
2.說明“和B比起來，更喜歡A”，用like(s) Abetter than B句型。
e.g. She likes dancing better thansinging.
與唱歌相比，她更喜歡跳舞。
3.表示“……不如……”用less+原級+than結構。
e.g. He studies less carefully than hissister.
他不如他的妹妹學習認真。
4.不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變，用“比較級+and+比較級”，意為“越來越……”。
e.g. He studies harder and harder.
他學習越來越努力了。
5. 表示一方隨著另一方程度變化時，用the+比較級，the+比較級結構，意為“越……，就越……”。
e.g. The harder you work, the more youget.
越努力，收穫就越多。
6.表示“幾倍於……時”，用倍數+as ... as來表示，也可用倍數+比較級+than... 來表示。
e.g. This kind of plane flies twice asfast as that kind.
這種飛機的速度比那種快一倍。
也可說成：This kind of plane flies twice faster than that
kind.
7.用much, far, still, even, a lot, a bit等副詞來修飾副詞
的比較級時，表示程度，放在比較級之前。
e.g. He did even worse than before.
他做得甚至比以前更糟。
二、副詞的最高級
1.三者或三者以上之中的“最”，副詞的最高級。副詞最高級前的the可省略，常見的結構為：A+動詞+（the）副詞的最高級+of/in/among...。
e.g. Li Lei came to school (the) latestin his class yesterday.
昨天李磊是班中最晚到校的。
2.用比較級的形式表達最高級的含義。這類句型常見的結構為：比較級+than+(anyother+單數名詞/all the other+複數名詞/anyone else/any of the other+複數名詞)。
e.g. Bob runs faster than anyone elsein our school.
鮑勃是我們學校跑得最快的。
3.最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far, nearly, almost等修飾，表示程度。
e.g. She studies almost the hardest inher class.
在班上她學習幾乎最努力。
2
Unit 8-topic1
結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句的從句是用來補充說明主句中謂語動詞發生的結果的，一般位於主句之後。常用來連接結果狀語從句的連接有：so...that...，such...that... ，so that等。
一、so ... that ...意為“如此……以至於……”，so是副詞，後接形容詞或副詞。其常見的結構用法有：
1、so + adj. + that從句。
It’s so difficult aquestion that none of us can answer it.
那是一個很難的問題，我們沒有一個人能回答。
2. so + adv. + that從句。
The boy ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up withhim.
那孩子跑得如此快以至於我沒趕上他。
3. so many/ much/ few/ little...that從句。so與表示數量的代詞many, few, much, little等連用是常見固定搭配，不能換用such的對應結構。
so+many/ few（+複數名詞）+that從句。
They asked so many questions that Icouldn’tanswer
all of them. 他們問了許許多多問題，我無法回答所有問題。
He has so few friends that his life islonely. 他的朋友
很少，因此他的生活非常孤單。
so+much/little（+不可數名詞）+that從句。與many/ few一樣，much/ little有時作定語，後接不可數名詞，但有時直接用作表語，後面不再接其他成分。如：
There is so much that I can’t eat up.太多了，我吃不完。
She is so little that she can’t go to school. 她太小了，不能
去上學。
二、such...that...與so...that...不同的是：such...that...中的such後接的是名詞。其常見的結構有：
1. such+a/ an + adj. +單數可數名詞+that從句。如：
It’s such a cold daythat I have to stay at home. 是如此寒
冷的一天以至於我得呆在家。
2. such+adj.+複數可數名詞+that從句。如：
He told us such funny stories that weall laughed. 他對我
們講了那麼些有趣的故事，我們全都哈哈大笑。
3. such+adj.+不可數名詞+that從句。如：
It’s such niceweather that I’d like to go to the beach. 天氣
如此之好，我想去海灘。
【溫馨提示】：so...that...和such...that...中的that在口
語中有時可省略。如：
I’m so busy (that) Ihave no time to write a letter. 我很忙，
連寫信的時間都沒有。
It was such a beautiful night (that) Iwanted to go out for a
walk. 夜色如此之美，我真想出去走走。
【拓展】so...that...句型可與too...to...或...enough to
...句型相互轉換。如：
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it. = Thebox is too
heavy for me to carry. 這箱子太重了，我扛不動。
Bill was so brave that he saved the boyin the water. = Bill
was brave enough to save the boy in thewater. 比爾很勇敢，
挽救了水中的男孩。
三、so that引導結果狀語從句，意為“因此，以至於”。如：
He worried so that he couldn’t sleep. 他急得睡不著。
【拓展】so that也可引導目的狀語從句，意為“為了，以便”。如：
I always get up early so that I cancatch the first bus. 我總
是早起，以便能夠趕上首班車。
Unit 8-topic2
賓語從句（Ⅲ）
特殊疑問句引導賓語從句的“五要素”
要素一： 在引導詞上，要將疑問代詞who/ whose/what/ which或疑問副詞when/ where / why/ how變為連接代詞或連接副詞，來引導賓語從句。如：
Whose bike is this? Can you tell me? → Can you tell me
whose bike this is? 你能告訴我這是誰的自行車？
要素二： 賓語從句的時態應與主句的時態保持一致。
When will the train arrive at the railway station? Heasked
me. → He asked me when the train would arrive at therailway
station. 他問火車什麼時候到達火車站。
【溫馨提示】特殊疑問句變為賓語從句後，句末用問號還是用句號完全取決於主句的句式：如主句為陳述句、祈使句，句末就用句號；如主句是疑問句，句末就用問號。
考點探究
I don’t know when the concert will start tonight. 我不知道
t 音樂會今晚什麼時候開始。
Do you know when the concert will start tonight? 你知道音
樂會今晚什麼時候開始？
要素三： 特殊疑問句在賓語從句中，其語序上要改為陳述句語序。
Which subject do you like best? He asked me. → He asked
me which subject I liked best. 他問我最喜歡哪門學科。
【溫馨提示】疑問句中主語之前的助動詞若是 do／does ／did，變為賓語從句時，要先將其去掉，謂語動詞再根據時態作相應的變化。
Why did you come to the party late yesterday? Can youtell
me? → Can you tell me why you came to the party lateyesterday?
你能告訴我你昨天為什麼參加晚會遲到了？
要素四：特殊疑問詞在句中作主語，變為賓語從句時語序不變（時態應作相應變化）。
Who can answer the question? The teacher asked. → The
teacher asked who could answer the question. 老師問誰能回答
這個問題。
要素五：特殊疑問句在賓語從句中，要是主從句人稱一致，一般可將賓語從句複合句改為簡單句。如：
I wonder how I can send an e-mail to you. → I wonder how
to send an e-mail to you. 我想知道如何給你發個電子郵件。
Unit 8-topic3
賓語從句(Ⅳ)
一、賓語從句中的時態
主句中的謂語動詞是一般現在時，賓語從句中的時態不受影響。主句中的謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句則使用相應的過去時態。
e.g. I think thatI can sell newspapers.
我想我可以賣報紙。
I think I should have a talk with her.
我想我應該和她談一談。
I heard you had abad cold. 我聽說你得了重感冒。
【注意】1.如果賓語從句所表達的內容是客觀真理和客觀事實，從句中動詞的時態不受主句中謂語動詞時態的限制。
e.g. The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
老師說地球繞著太陽轉。
2.當動詞所表示的狀態或動作在引述時仍在繼續，從句中動詞的時態不受主句中謂語動詞時態的限制。
e.g. She also saidmany famous models are going there to
model the clothes.
她還說很多名模將會去那裡進行時裝表演。
She said that the show starts at 10:30 tomorrow morning. 她說時裝秀明早十點半開始。
He said he is forty. 他說他四十歲了。
二、學習賓語從句還應注意以下幾點
1.當賓語從句跟在動詞think, believe, suppose，expect等表示“想，相信，認為”等的動詞後邊時，如果從句是否定含義，則不用否定形式，而將主句謂語動詞think等變為否定形式，即“否定前移”。
e.g. I don’t thinkyou are right. 我想你是不對的。
I don’t believe hecan finish the work on time.
我認為他不能按時完成工作。
2.在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 等動詞以及I’m afraid 等後，可用so代替一個肯定的賓語從句，用not代替一個否定的賓語從句。
e.g. —Do you believe he will come? 你相信他會來嗎？
—I believe so. 我相信會。
—I don’t believe so. (或I believe not.) 我相信不會。
3.許多帶複合賓語的句子中，that引導的賓語從句經常移到句子後面，而且用it作形式賓語。
e.g. We think itwrong that he told a lie to everyone.
我們認為他對每一個人都說謊是錯誤的。
We thought it apity that she missed the chance.
我們認為她錯過這個機會是一個遺憾。
關注中學英語在線快遞頭條號：分享給您更多英語資訊
