第12天，堅持學著分析句子語法結構……
第14句。句子來自2020年研究生入學英語考試，來源於網絡
Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.
With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.
The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.
In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.
Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.
- 27個詞
- 2個子句：主句SVO，從句SVOC
- 語言點：
- respond to：[VERB] = react 《柯林斯高級英語學習詞典第5版》
When you respond to a need, crisis, or challenge, you take the necessary or appropriate action.
This modest group size allows our teachers to respond to the needs of each student. - the demand that...：that引導同位語從句用來對其前面的抽象名詞進行解釋說明
We heard the news that our team had won.
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.
在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)後面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。
He was faced with the demands that he should resign.
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. - charge sb fees：《朗文當代英語詞典》
The restaurant charged us £40 for the wine.
The hotel charges $125 a night. - cover the cost...：《朗文當代英語詞典》If a sum of money covers the cost of something, it is enough to pay for it.
The award should be enough to cover her tuition fees.
Airlines are raising fares to cover the rising costs of fuel.
具體分析，見長圖。
敬請指教……
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