組網及說明
NQA實驗
問題描述
通過NQA的檢測,檢測上行網絡是否正常,當上行網絡出現故障時,能告知VRRP、MSTP進行主備的切換。
過程分析
SW1為接入交換機,負責VLAN 10 、VLAN 20的接入
SW2為核心交換機,負責提供VLAN 10、VLAN20的網關,根據負載均衡的需求,在SW2交換機中,VLAN 10為MSTP主根,VLAN 20為備根。SW2交換機在網絡正常的情況下主要走VLAN10的流量。在SW2中配置NQA檢測,監控上行端口當發生故障時VLAN 10可快速切換到SW3交換機。
SW3為核心交換機,負責提供VLAN 10、VLAN20的網關,根據負載均衡的需求,在SW3交換機中,VLAN 20為MSTP主根,VLAN10為備根。SW3交換機在網絡正常的情況下主要走VLAN10的流量。在SW3中配置NQA檢測,監控上行端口當發生故障時VLAN 20可快速切換到SW2交換機。
R1為核心路由器,負責將業務路由高速轉發到下一個網絡中。
配置過程:
SW1:
<code>[H3C]sysname SW1
[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1-vlan10]qu
[SW1]vlan 20
[SW1-vlan20]qu
[SW1]int ran gi 1/0/1 to gi 1/0/2
[SW1-if-range]po li tr
[SW1-if-range]undo po tr pe vlan 1
[SW1-if-range]po tr pe vlan 10 20
[SW1-if-range]quit
[SW1]int gi 1/0/3
[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]po li acc
[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]po acc vl 10
[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]quit
[SW1]/<code>
SW2:
<code>[H3C]sysname SW2
[SW2]vlan 10
[SW2-vlan10]quit
[SW2]vlan 20
[SW2-vlan20]quit
[SW2]int ran gi 1/0/2 to gi 1/0/3
[SW2-if-range]po li tr
[SW2-if-range]undo po tr pe vlan 1
[SW2-if-range]po tr pe vlan 10 20
[SW2-if-range]quit
[SW2]int gi 1/0/1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port link-mode route
[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip address 10.0.0.1 30
[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]undo shutdown
[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit/<code>
NQA配置
<code>[SW2]nqa agent enable
[SW2]nqa entry weijianing ninglihua
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua]type icmp-echo
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]source int GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]destination ip 10.0.0.2
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]frequency 100000
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe timeout 30
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]next-hop 10.0.0.2
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo] history-record enable
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]history-record number 50
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe count 10
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe timeout 30
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]reaction 1 checked-element probe-fail threshold-type consecutive 1 action-type trigger-only
[SW2-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]route-option bypass-route
[SW2]track 1 nqa entry weijianing ninglihua reaction 1
[SW2]nqa schedule weijianing ninglihua start-time now lifetime forever
#
[SW2]int vlan 10
[SW2-Vlan-interface10]ip address 192.168.10.252 24
[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 vi
[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode
[SW2-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 track 1 priority reduced 30
[SW2]int vlan 20
[SW2-Vlan-interface20]ip address 192.168.20.252 24
[SW2-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254/<code>
MSTP配置
<code>[SW2]stp glo enable
[SW2]stp mode mstp
[SW2]stp region-configuration
[SW2-mst-region]region-name weijianing.com
[SW2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[SW2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[SW2-mst-region]active region-configuration
[SW2]stp instance 1 root primary
[SW2]stp instance 2 root secondary
#
[SW2] int lo 0
[SW2-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[SW2-LoopBack0]undo shutdown
[SW2-LoopBack0]quit
[SW2]router id 1.1.1.1
[SW2]
[SW2]ospf 1
[SW2-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlan-interface 10
[SW2-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlan-interface 20
[SW2-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0
[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[SW2-ospf-1]quit
[SW2]/<code>
SW3:
<code>[SW3]vlan 10
[SW3-vlan10]quit
[SW3]vlan 20
[SW3-vlan20]quit
[SW3]int ran gi 1/0/2 to gi 1/0/3
[SW3-if-range]po li tr
[SW3-if-range]undo po tr pe vlan 1
[SW3-if-range]po tr pe vlan 10 20
[SW3-if-range]quit
[SW3]
[SW3]int gi 1/0/1
[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port link-mode route
[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip address 10.0.0.5 30
[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]undo shutdown
[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit
[SW3]/<code>
NQS配置:
<code>[SW3]nqa agent enable
[SW3]nqa entry weijianing ninglihua
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua]type icmp-echo
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]source int gi 1/0/1
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]destination ip 10.0.0.6
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]next-hop 10.0.0.6
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]frequency 100000
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo] history-record enable
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]history-record number 50
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe count 10
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]probe timeout 30
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]reaction 1 checked-element probe-fail threshold-type consecutive 1 action-type trigger-only
[SW3-nqa-weijianing-ninglihua-icmp-echo]route-option bypass-route
[SW3]track 1 nqa entry weijianing ninglihua reaction 1
#
[SW3]int vlan 10
[SW3-Vlan-interface10]ip address 192.168.10.253 24
[SW3-Vlan-interface10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
[SW3-Vlan-interface10]quit
[SW3]
[SW3]int vlan 20
[SW3-Vlan-interface20]ip address 192.168.20.253 24
[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 vi
[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120
[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode
[SW3-Vlan-interface20]vrrp vrid 2 track 1 priority reduced 30
[SW3-Vlan-interface20]quit
[SW3]
[SW3]stp region-configuration
[SW3-mst-region]region-name weijianing.com
[SW3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[SW3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[SW3-mst-region]active region-configuration
[SW3-mst-region]quit
[SW3]stp instance 1 root secondary
[SW3]stp instance 2 root primary
[SW3]int LoopBack 0
[SW3-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32
[SW3-LoopBack0]undo shut
[SW3-LoopBack0]quit
[SW3]router id 2.2.2.2
[SW3]
[SW3]ospf 1
[SW3-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlan-interface 10
[SW3-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlan-interface 20
[SW3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.5 0.0.0.0
[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[SW3-ospf-1]quit
[SW3]
[SW3]nqa schedule weijianing ninglihua start-time now lifetime forever/<code>
R1:
<code>[H3C]sysname R1
[R1]int lo 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[R1-LoopBack0]undo shut
[R1-LoopBack0]quit
[R1]router id 3.3.3.3
[R1]int gi 0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ip add 10.0.0.2 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo shut
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit
[R1]int gi 0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/1]ip add 10.0.0.6 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/1]undo shutdown
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/1]quit
[R1]
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]ar
[R1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.2 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.6 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R1]/<code>
心得體會:
- 在擁有負載均衡和設備冗餘的網絡環境中,NQA的可選參數配置建議保持一致,特別是frequency檢測的頻率。
- 建議開啟NQA歷史記錄功能,這樣可以更好的確認NQA是否已經開始運行並監控。
- 在擁有路由冗餘、設備冗餘、VRRP的環境中,一定要開啟route-option bypass-route,這樣當路由發生故障時,也可以更好的觸發TRACK
- 在NQA配置指向目的地址時一定要正確區分description和destination這兩個單詞,由於這兩個單詞在配置時會優先出現description,可能會導致沒有配置目的地址而啟動NQA失敗
- 當主鏈路DOWN時,從主設備切換到備設備需要丟包13-14個才可恢復業務。
- 當主鏈路恢復時,業務可以從備用設備切換回到主設備(VRRP也可切換)且不丟包。
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