2020高考英語語法專題彙總(九):倒裝


2020高考英語語法專題彙總(九):倒裝

謂語或謂語的一部分放在主語之前的語法現象,就稱之為倒裝。從倒裝的形式來看,可分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝兩大類。前者是指整個謂語置於主語之前,而而後者僅指助動詞、情態動詞或be動詞等置於主語之前。

一. 完全倒裝


完全倒裝又可稱為全部倒裝。完全倒裝是隻將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用於一般現在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有:


(1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置於句首,謂語動詞常用be,come,go,lie,run等表示來去或狀態的動詞。


例如:

Then came the teacher. 那時老師來了。

Here is your letter. 你的信。


(2)表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首,謂語表示運動的動詞。


例如:Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一個老大媽。


注意:上述全部倒裝句型結構的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。

例如:Here he comes. 他來了。

Away they went. 他們走開了。


二. 部分倒裝


部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝放到主語之前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需添加助動詞do,does或did,並將其置於主語之前。


(1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。


例如:

Never have I seen such a performance.

從未見過如此糟糕的表演。


Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

無論如何你不會找到這個問題的答案的。


Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

母親一直到孩子入睡後才離開房間。


(2)當Not until位於句首時,句子要倒裝。其結構為:Not until+從句狀語從句或表時間的詞語+助動詞主句主語+謂語+...


例如:

Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.

直到老師進來學生們才停止講話。


Not until next week will the sports meet be held.

直到下週才開運動會。


典型例題


1. Why can’t I smoke here?

At no time ______ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit

答案A。這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時,其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。這些否定詞包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,not only,not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.


2. Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is.

A. man did knowB. man know

C. didn’t man knowD. did man know

答案D。看到Not until…的句型,我們知道為一倒裝句,答案在C、D中選一個。該句的正常語序為,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 如果將not和until提到句子前時,就用倒裝句。


三. 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝


如有結構:Not only…but also, Hardly / Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等,要用倒裝句。


例如:

Not only did he refuse the gift, but also he severely criticized the sender.

他不但沒有收下禮物,而且還狠狠地批評了送禮的人。


Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

她剛出門,就有個學生來訪。


No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

她剛出門,就有個學生來訪。


典型例題


No sooner ______ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game beganB. has the game begun

C. did the game beginD. had the game begun

答案D。具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時,一般採用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及not only…but(also),no sooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等等。


注意:只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時,第一個分句才用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only…but also只連接兩個並列詞語,不可用倒裝結構,如:Not only you but also I am fond of music。


四. so, neither, nor作部分倒裝


用這些詞表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒裝。


例如:

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

湯姆會講法語,傑克也會。


If you won’t go, neither will I.

你不去,我也不去。


典型例題


— Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

— I don’t know, _____.

A. nor don’t I careB. nor do I care

C. I don’t care neitherD. I don’t care also

答案:B。nor為增補意思“也不關心”,因此句子應倒裝。A答案中錯在用don’t再次否定,C答案中neither用法不對,且缺乏連詞。D答案缺乏連詞。


注意:當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時,不可用倒裝結構。意為“的確如此”。

例如:

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

湯姆邀我去踢球,我去了。

— It’s raining hard. 雨下得真大

— So it is.。是呀。


五. only在句首倒裝的情況


例如:

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

只有這樣,你才能學好英語。


Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

叫了三次,他才來參加會議。


如果句子為主從複合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。


例如:

Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.

病得很重時,他才臥床休息。


六. as, though 引導的倒裝句


as / though引起的倒裝分三種情況:表語、動詞原形及狀語的倒裝。


(1)表語的倒裝

一般直接將表語提前到句首,若表語是帶不定冠詞a / an的單數可數名詞,倒裝後,不定冠詞a / an須被省略。如:

Fine as / though he looks, he is ill with some serious diseases.

Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.


(2)原形動詞的倒裝

A. 動詞前面帶有情態動詞may,might,will,would,can,could等時,只將行為動詞提到句首,而這些情態動詞保留在原處。

B. 若動詞前面沒有情態動詞時,應在動詞原來的位置加上助動詞do的適當形式。

C. 用於這一句型的動詞一般是不及物動詞,而不能是系動詞或及物動詞。如:

Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far. 儘管他會游泳,但是他遊得不那麼遠。

Run as / though he did, he didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus. 雖然他跑,但是他跑得不夠快而沒有趕上汽車。


(3)狀語倒裝

In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts. 儘管他待在教室裡,但他不讀書。

Carefully as / though he worked, he made some mistakes. 儘管他工作很細心,但還是出了一些差錯。


七. 其他部分倒裝


(1)so… that句型中的so位於句首時,需倒裝。

例如:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

他害怕得很,動也不敢動。


(2)在某些表示祝願的句型中。

例如:

May you all be happy. 願你們都快樂。


(3)在虛擬語氣條件句中,從句謂語動詞有were,had,should等詞,可將if 省略,把were,had,should移到主語之前,用部分倒裝形式。

例如:

Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的話,就再試一次。


典型例題:


1. Not until the early years of the 20th century ______ what a computer is.

A. man did knowB. man knewC. didn’t man knowD. did man know

答案為D。否定詞Not在句首,要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。

2. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted. 

A. didn’t I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realize

答案為B。

3. Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don’t know, ______.

A. nor don’t I careB. nor do I care

C. I don’t care neitherD. I don’t care also

答案為B。句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構,表示“也不”。由so,neither,nor引導的倒裝句,表示前一情況的重複出現。其中,so用於肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。


分享到:


相關文章: