副詞可修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語及整個句子。
例句：Andrew, my father's younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the family's disappointment. (1997 年第 3 題)
分析：該句是簡單句，其中副詞 much 修飾介詞短語 to the family s disappointment。
譯文：我父親的弟弟安德魯不會參加野餐，這令全家人非常失望。
一、副詞的分類
1. 時間副詞
如 now, yesterday, today, ago, then, lately, soon, shortly, immediately, finally, recently, before, tomorrow。
例句: Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. (選自 2004 年 Text 4)
分析：該句是簡單句。
2. 地點副詞
如 here, there, above, below, downstairs, upstairs, home, somewhere, everywhere, elsewhere, down, up, anywhere 等。
例句：Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. (選自 2002 年 Text 1)分析： 該句是複合句，兩個 which 引導的定語從句分別修飾 an example 和 a story，前一個 which 引導的定語從句為非限制性定語從句，起補充說明作用。
譯文： 比如說，在一次護士大會上，我聽到了一個能很好地發揮幽默效果 的故事，因為所有的聽眾都對醫生持有相同的看法。
3. 程度副詞
如 fairly, rather, very, almost, too, quite, enough, so, much。
例句: She had clearly no intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.(1997 年第 34 題)
分析：該句是複合句，although 後面跟的是讓步狀語從句。
譯文：雖然付給她的報酬豐厚，但她無意去工作。
4. 頻率副詞
如 sometimes, often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, rarely, seldom, never, occasionally。
例句： In addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.
分析：該句是簡單句，其中 built in 意為“內嵌式的”。在方式狀語中， that need to be served 為定語從句，修飾 the functions。
譯文： 此外，根據需要滿足的功能，設計者通常必須選擇傢俱或設計內嵌 式傢俱。
5.方式副詞，表示動作發生或進行的方式
如 quickly，fast，slowly，suddenly，carefully， well, properly, roughly, angrily, rudely。例句： You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look like the inside of a restaurant.
分析：該句是複合句，if 引導的從句表示與現在相反的虛擬語氣。
譯文：如果你的臥室內部突然變得和飯店內部一樣，你可能會大吃一驚。
6.疑問副詞
如 when, where， how， why, who。
例句：So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? (選自 2002 年 Text 3)
分析：該句是特殊疑問句。動詞 warn 的 ing 形式作 headlines 的後置定語， 表示一種主動關係。
譯文：那麼這次警告人們經濟蕭條到來的頭版新聞又在哪兒呢?
7.關係副詞
如 when，where，why。
例句：Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up.
分析：該句是複合句，主句是 it is hard to imagine...。其中，it 是形式主語， 真正的主語是 to imagine that...to competition; that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S.是定語從句修飾 the same threats; when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up 是非限制定語從句修飾 a century ago。
譯文：然而，目前幾家石油公司的合併是否再次給競爭帶來威脅難以預料。 因為美國一個世紀前曾由於合併引發了一場競爭危機，造成了標準石油托拉斯的 解體。
8.連接副詞
如 therefore, then, however, otherwise, hence, so, moreover, yet, consequently, besides, nevertheless, when, where, why, how。
例句： It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. (選自 2002 年 Use of English)
分析：該句是複合句，其中 it 是形式主語，真正的主語是 that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century。followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s 作定語修飾 the introduction。 although its impact on the media...是一個讓步狀語從句。
譯文： 然而，人們普遍認為，20 世紀初出現的計算機以及隨後在 20 世紀 60 年代發明的集成電路儘管對傳媒的影響沒有立即顯現出來，但卻徹底改變了發展進程。
9.否定副詞
如 rarely，seldom，hardly，scarcely，never。
例句：The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. (選自 2011年 Text 4)
分析：該句是簡單句。其中，分詞短語 showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby 和 holding a cute baby 分別作後置定語，修飾 cover 和 mother。
譯文：展現“魅力媽媽懷抱可愛寶寶”的雜誌封面並非本週報攤上唯一對“聖母與聖子”形象的描述。
例句： Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients — notably, protein — to feed expanding tissues. (選自 2008 年 Text 3)
分析： 該句是複合句，主幹部分是 Growth demands calories and nutrients to feed expanding tissues。which rarely continues beyond the age of 20 是修飾主語 growth 的非限制性定語從句。後面的破折號起補充說明作用。
譯文：20 歲後很少有人再繼續長高，長高需要熱量和營養，特別是蛋白質， 以滿足身體組織生長的需求。
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