「風」的英文最全總結:起風了,風大了,風小了,風停了……

跟孩子講講天氣,是親子對話的重要部分,但是在說英語的時候,由於我們只會說it's windy, it's sunny, it's rainy……無法表達出更具體的天氣變化,還經常苦於不知道用什麼時態,而乾脆迴避有關天氣的話題。

本文以及接下來的幾期文章,將對“風雨雷電”等天氣現象,展開講解口語中你可能用到的各種情況。

1. 沒風

(1) no wind

(2) not windy

(3) calm

There's no wind so you can't fly a kite.

沒風,你沒法放風箏。

It's not windy today. = Today is a calm day.

今天沒風。

2. 有風

(1) windy

(2) there's wind

There will be some wind today.

今天一會兒有風。

It's windy outside so you should wear pants instead of a skirt.

外面有風,你穿褲子,別穿裙子了。

Hold on to your hat on a windy day.

大風天要扶著點帽子。

3. 起風了

(1) getting windy

(2) starting to blow

It's getting windy.

起風了。

The wind has started to blow.

開始颳大風了。

4. 風大了

(1) pick up

(2) get stronger

(3) windier

(4) more wind

The wind is picking up. = The wind is getting stronger.

風越來越大。

The wind has picked up. = The wind has gotten stronger.

風越來越大了。

通過上面兩句話可以看出,中文用一個“了”字區分已經完成的狀態和正在發生的狀態,而英文用完成時和現在時的不同時態來區分。

There's more wind. = It's windier now.

風大了。

A Gust of Wind, 1883 | VEZUR

5. 風小了

(1) calm down

(2) slow down

(3) drop down

(4) lighter

(5) less wind

(6) less windy

The wind has calmed down. = The wind has slowed down.

風漸漸小了。

The wind has dropped down from 10 mph to 2 mph.

風速從10 mph降到了2 mph。

Drop down多用於形容風速的下降。

There's less wind. = The wind is lighter. = It's less windy now.

風小點了。

下面這個表總結了表示風大小的正確和錯誤的說法:

6. 風停了

(1) stop

(2) die down

The wind has stopped.

風停了。

The wind has died down.

風慢慢停了下來。

7. Blowing 刮,吹

There is a strong wind blowing.

大風正在颳著。

The wind is blowing strongly.

風颳得好大。

The wind is blowing towards us.

風正正往我們這邊刮。

The wind blew my hair in my face.

風把頭髮刮到了我的臉上。

Strong winds blew leaves everywhere.

大風把樹葉吹得到處都是。

Wind既可以作可數名詞,也可以作不可數名詞。

8. Wind Direction 風向

The wind is blowing north.

風往北吹。(從南向北)

There's a north wind today.

今天刮的是北風。(從北向南)

There's a wind from the north today.

今天有從北邊刮過來的風。(從北向南)

There's always a northwest wind in the winter.

冬天總是刮西北風。

9. Wind Force 風力;Wind Speed 風速

The wind force is 1 today.

今天風力是1級。

The wind speed is going to get up to 10 miles an hour today.

今天風速會達到每小時10英里。

英美兩國的天氣預報裡沒有風力級別的播報,而是播報風速。下圖是Google展示的由weather.com提供的天氣預報截圖。

10. Upwind 順風;Downwind 逆風

Riding a bike is a lot easier when you're upwind.

順風的時候騎自行車特別容易。

It's hard to pedal downwind.

逆風的時候特別難騎。

11. 一陣風

(1) breeze 一陣輕風

(2) a gust of wind 一陣狂風

You made a breeze when you ran by mommy.

你從媽媽身邊跑過,帶起一陣風。

A gust of wind knocked over all the lawn chairs. = A strong wind knocked over all the lawn chairs.

一陣狂風把草坪椅都吹倒了。

比起a strong wind的說法,a gust of wind更強調了風的突然和快速來臨。

12. Draft 穿堂風

中文裡的穿堂風(也叫過堂風)是一個比較中性的詞,而英文裡的draft指人們不想要的穿堂的冷風。

Please close the window to get rid of the draft since grandma is sick.

你把窗戶關上吧,有穿堂風,奶奶病了。

如果你想表達正面意義的穿堂風,可以說:

Let me open the windows on both sides so we have some air flow.

我去把兩面的窗戶都打開,這樣空氣能流通。

13. Breeze 微風

There's a breeze.

有點小風。

I feel a cool summer breeze against my face.

夏日微風撲面而來。

14. Typhoon 颱風;Hurricane 颶風;Cyclone 旋風

中心持續風速在12級至13級(即每秒32.7米至41.4米)的熱帶氣旋(Tropical Cyclone)被稱為颱風或颶風。

Typhoon [tai'fu:n],起源於中文的“大風”一詞和希臘語的typhôn一詞,用於西北太平洋地區,主要是亞洲。

Hurricane ['hʌrikən],起源於西班牙語和一種失傳的印第安語,用於大西洋和東北太平洋地區,主要是美洲。

Cyclone ['saikləun],由英國人引入,可能起源於希臘語kyklôn一詞,用於南太平洋和印度洋,主要是澳大利亞、印度等原英屬殖民地。

所以,這三個詞所指的天氣現象是一樣的,只是應用於不同的地區。

Because Typhoon Maria is coming, we will have a lot of rain next week.

因為颱風瑪麗亞來了,下週我們會有很多降雨。

15. Tornado [tɔ:'neidəu] 龍捲風

龍捲風是一種風力極強而範圍不太大的渦旋,狀如漏斗,風速極快,破壞力很大。

In The Wizard of OZ, Dorothy’s house flew in a tornado.

在《OZ國曆險記》裡,桃樂絲的家在龍捲風中飛了起來。