常逛博物館美術館延年益壽
A trip to the theater, museum or art gallery could help you live longer. And the more often you get that culture fix the better, a new study suggests.
最新研究表明，去劇院、博物館或美術館看劇或遊覽能延年益壽，而且去得越多，效果越好。
Researchers from University College London (UCL) found that people who engaged in the arts more frequently — every few months or more — had a 31 percent lower risk of dying early when compared to those who didn't. Even going to the theater or museum once or twice a year was linked with a 14 percent lower risk.
倫敦大學學院的研究人員發現，與不經常參加藝術活動的人相比，經常參加藝術活動的人（每隔幾個月或更長時間去一次）早逝的風險降低了31%。即使每年去一兩次劇院或博物館，早逝風險也能降低14%。
They looked at data given by more than 6,000 adults in England age 50 years and older, who were taking part in a wider study on aging.
研究人員研究了6000多名50歲以上的英國成年人提供的數據，這些人參與了一項更廣泛的衰老研究。
"While other health behaviors like smoking, alcohol and exercise are undoubtedly bigger predictors of mortality, these leisure and pleasure activities that people don't think as a health related activity do support good health and longevity," said Daisy Fancourt, an associate professor at UCL's Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health.
“雖然其他健康行為如吸菸、飲酒和運動無疑更能預測死亡率，但這些人們認為與健康無關的休閒娛樂活動也有利於健康長壽”，倫敦大學學院行為科學和健康研究部門的副教授黛西·範克特說。
How often an individual engaged in art activities, which also included exhibitions, concerts and opera but not cinema, was measured at the start of the study in 2004 to 2005. Participants were then followed up for an average of 12 years, during which time deaths were recorded using data from the UK's National Health Service (NHS.)
在2004年至2005年研究開始時，研究人員統計了每位受訪者參加藝術活動（包括展覽、音樂會和歌劇，但不包括電影）的頻率。隨後，研究人員對受訪者進行了平均12年的跟蹤調查，在此期間，他們使用英國國民健康服務體系的數據記錄了受訪者的死亡情況。
The study looked at a range of economic, health and social factors to try and explain why there is a link between "arts engagement" and living longer, although as an observational study it can't establish cause. Part of the reason, the study said, comes down to social and economic differences among those who go and don't go to museums, exhibitions and art galleries.
這項研究考察了一系列經濟、健康和社會因素，試圖解釋為什麼“參加藝術活動”和長壽之間存在聯繫，儘管作為一項觀察性研究，它不能確定原因。研究稱，部分原因在於是否前去參觀博物館、展覽和畫廊的人之間存在社會和經濟差異。
Wealth, they found, explained about 9 percent of the association. Cognitive differences, social and civic engagement, mental health, mobility and deprivation also played a role. Things like free time and occupational status made no material difference, said Fancourt.
研究人員發現，財富解釋了約9%的關聯。認知差異、社會和公民參與、心理健康、流動性、和貧困也起到了作用。範克特說，空閒時間和職業地位等因素並沒有產生實質性的影響。
"Part of the association is attributable to differences in socioeconomic status among those who do and do not engage in the arts," the study said.
研究稱：“這種聯繫部分可歸因於那些參加或不參加藝術活動的人的社會經濟地位的差異。”
Fancourt said that engaging with the arts can act as a buffer against stress and build creativity that allows people to adapt to changing circumstances. It also helps people build social capital — accessing emotional support and information that helps people age more successfully.
範克特說，參加藝術活動可以緩解壓力，培養創造力，讓人們適應不斷變化的環境。它還幫助人們建立社會資本——獲得情感支持，以及更加從容應對老齡的信息。
"We also thought that a greater sense of purpose could play a role," she said. "If this (study) is added to the larger body of evidence, we are getting an increasingly rich picture on how arts can benefit health and it's not about one single outcome. It can have wide ranging benefits and support healthier lives lived longer."
她說：“我們還認為，更強烈的目標感可能會發揮作用。如果把這項研究加入到更廣泛的證據中，我們就會越來越多地瞭解到藝術如何有益於健康，而這不僅僅是一個單一的結果。它可以有廣泛的好處，幫助人們健康長壽。”
This study did not look at the effects of taking part in art-related activities but a World Health Organization review of available evidence published last year found that both receptive participation, like visiting a museum, and active participation, like singing in a choir, had health benefits.
這項研究並沒有探討參與藝術相關活動的影響，但世界衛生組織去年發表的對現有證據的回顧發現，接受性參與（如參觀博物館）和積極參與（如參加唱詩班）都對健康有益。
An editorial that accompanied the paper said that everyone should have the chance to take part in cultural activities and said the study added weight to growing concerns about the decline in arts subjects in schools and universities.
與研究報告一同發表的一篇社論稱，每個人都應該有機會參加文化活動，並表示該研究增加了人們對中小學和大學藝術類課程減少的擔憂。
"Clinicians who read the paper might recognize the value of the arts, but will also wonder how engagement with culture and the arts could influence longevity," the editorial said.
社論稱：“讀過這篇論文的臨床醫生可能會認識到藝術的價值，但他們也會想，與文化和藝術的接觸會如何影響壽命。”
