課程安排
• 作業講評
• 中考詞彙聽寫
• 知識點回顧
• 課堂練習
一、現在完成時含義
現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，但其結果卻和現在有聯繫, 也就是說, 動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在。
e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含義是：現在我沒有錢花了。)
Jane has laid the table.(含義是：已可以吃飯了。)
Michael has been ill. (含義是：現在仍然很虛弱。)
He has returned from abroad. (含義是：現在已在此地)
二、現在完成時結構與句型
助動詞have /has+動詞過去分詞，主語為第三人稱單數用has，其他人稱用have 。
句型： 1、肯定句：主語+have /has+動詞過去分詞+其他。
I have studied English for 5 years .
2、否定句：主語+have /has+not +動詞過去分詞+其他。
We haven’t been there .
3、一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？
Has he eaten that apple ?
4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ have /has +主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？
Where have you been to recently?
三、現在完成時用法
1、現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的、持續到現在的情況,常與for, since連用。
e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
2、現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：
e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven’t seen much of him recently/lately.
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
3、現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：
e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4、現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。
e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain this year.
The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5、現在完成時表示現在之前就已完成的動作, 雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續, 但是有一些現在完成時的句子，在後面加上for+一段時間，則現在完成時的動作就表示 延續性。
E.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (現在不再學俄語)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years.
(=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)
6、現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重複發生的動作。
e.g. We have had four texts this semester.
現在完成時中的時間狀語：
★already通常用於肯定句中，意為“已經”，位於行為動詞之前, be動詞、助動詞之後。有時可放在疑問句句尾，表示驚訝。例如：
We have already cleaned the classroom.
Have you finished it already？
★yet用於疑問句中表示“已經”；用於否定句中，表示“還(沒)”。例如：
—Has he found his watch yet？他還沒找到他的表嗎？
—No, not yet. 是, 還沒有。
★ever意為“曾經”，常用於疑問句或否定句中，位於助動詞和過去分詞之間，表示從過去到目前為止的時間。例如：
Have you ever been there？你曾經去過那裡嗎？
Nothing has ever happened here. 這裡未曾發生過什麼事。
★never意為“（曾經）從未、沒有”, 是否定副詞，在句中位於助動詞和過去分詞之間。ever與否定詞not連用相當於never。例如：
I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我從未跟她講過話。
★just意為“剛剛”, 用於現在完成時, 表示行為剛剛過去, 位於助動詞與過去分詞之間。
e.g. He has just come back from school.他剛從學校回來。
★ just now意為“剛才”, 表示過去某時, 用於一般過去時, 位於句首或句尾均可。
e.g. He came from school just now.他剛才從學校回來。
★for 和since的用法及區別。for 與一段時間連用，since 與時間點連用。
注意：since 後接過去時的時間狀語或過去時的句子。
e.g.
I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I saw Pingping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區別:
have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人還未回來
have/ has been to 曾經去過, 人已經回來了
have/ has been in 已經在…, 常與一段時間連用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去過上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青島了嗎？
但不能說 Have you gone to Qingdao?
難點：瞬間動詞和延續性動詞的轉換
表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續。因此，不能說：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句話可以改為：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes.
常見非延續性動詞和延續性動詞轉化形式：
1、用相應的延續性動詞或者近義詞；
buy ------ have, borrow ----- keep, put on ------ wear,
catch/get a cold ------ have a cold, come/go/become ------ be.
2、轉換成 be＋名詞;
join the Party ------ be a Party member,
join the army ------ be a soldier,
go to school ------ be a student.
3、轉換成be + 介詞短語 :
go to school ------ be in school,
join the army ------ be in the army.
4、轉換成be + adj.:
die ------ be dead, open——be open, get married-------be married , close ------ be closed
5、轉換成be + adv. :
begin/start ------ be on, leave (…) ------ be away (from), go——be away
finish ------ be over, come/arrive——be here come back——be back
現在完成時的兩個常用句型及since和for的用法
1．現在完成時常用於下面兩個句型中。
1)在有序數詞及the only構成的這一句型中，用現在完成時。
It the first, the last
is+序數詞 +名詞+(that)+現在完成時
This the only
It (This) is the second time that we've met each other.這是我們第二次見面。
It (This) is the only book that he has ever written.這是他寫的唯一的一本書。
2)在有形容詞最高級構成的這一句型中，用現在完成時。
It the best, the worst
is+最高級 +名詞+(that)+現在完成時
This the most interesting
It is the best film that I've ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。
This is the most interesting book that I've ever read.這是我讀過的最有趣的書。
2．since的三種用法。
①過去的時間點(a point of time in the past)
since+ ②一段時間(a period of time)+ago
③從句（謂語用非持續性動詞的過去時）
He has taught English at this school since 1993. 1993年以來，他一直在這學校教英語。
I haven't seen him since three years ago. 3年來我一直沒見過他。
Great changes have taken place here since you left.你離開以來，這兒發生了巨大變化。
小練習
1) — How long_____________ you_____________ the bicycle?
— About two weeks.
A. have; had B. have; bought C. did; buy D. have; get
2) — Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?
— No, I______________ it for two years.
A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought
3) The foreign guests_____________ here almost a week.
A. have arrived B. have been C. have reached D. have got
4) Professor Li______________ back from the United States for over two months.
A. has come B. has been C. had come D. came
5) John got sick last January and_______________ in bed since then.
A. was B. has been C. had been D. would be
6) My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven't seen him______________________ .
A. since almost a year B. from almost a year on
C. after almost a year D. since almost a year ago
【Keys】
2. 1) A 2) B 3) B 4) B 5) B 6) D
四、過去完成時
（一）過去完成時的概念
過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一事件之前已經發生的動作或狀態，即過去的過去。圖示如下：
----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->
過去完成 過去 現在 將來
（二）構成
1、肯定句：主語+had＋過去分詞
When we got there, the football match had already started.
2、否定句：主語+had not+過去分詞
He hadn’t worked for two years by then.
3、疑問句：had+主語+過去分詞…？
Had he finished the work by last month?
（三）用法
1、過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態; 句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導的時間狀語。
e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
2、過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或者狀態
持續到過去某個時間或者持續下去。例如：Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如：
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
4、在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
5、by the time “直到……時候”。指從過去某一點到從句所示的時間為止的一段時間。如：
By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.
6、表示意向的動詞, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用過去完成時表示 “原本…，未能…”。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
Exercises
2008靜安區一模
45. Mr. Li knows much about London. He _________ to the city three times.
A) goes B) went C) has gone D) has been
46. They ________ about how to protect our earth when I entered.
A) will talk B) have talked C) are talking D) were talking
49. If Tom isn’t careful enough with his work, more mistakes _________ later.
A) are made B) are making C) have made D) will be made
Keys：DDD
2008閔行區一模
41. If it ______ tomorrow, we will go skating with you.
A) doesn’t snow B) won’t snow C) didn’t snow D) wouldn’t snow
45. Tom ______ in our school since nearly four years ago.
A) studied B) has studied C) would study D) had studied
49. A new high building ______ from out of an old ruin (廢墟) here next year.
A) created B) was created C) will create D) will be created
Keys：ABD
2008徐彙區一模
45. The television set ______ properly since the elderly man moved to this flat.
A) doesn’t work B) hasn’t worked C) didn’t work D) isn’t working
48. Red lanterns ______ under the roof before the door on New Year’s Day in China.
A) hanged B) hung C) are hanged D) are hung
50. Listen! Mike and his classmates ______ the football match in the classroom.
A) are discussing B) were discussing C) discussed D) has discussed
Keys：BDA
2008普陀區一模
49. I remember Mum ______ you about his return to Shanghai at the table this morning.
A) is telling B) told C) has told D) to tell
50. Mike will give you a call if he _____ some new information.
A) will get B) is getting C) gets D) got
52. --_____ your car _____ every week? --Yes .
A) Does, wash B) Will, wash C) Have, washed D) Is, washed
Keys: BCD
2008嘉定區一模
( ) 44. —Your school looks so _________.
—Yes. A lot of trees and grass ______ last year.
A. beautiful; are planted B. beautiful; were planted
C. beautifully; were planted D. beautifully; have planted
( ) 48. We are not sure if it _________ tomorrow. If it _________, our sports meeting will be put off.
A. will rain; rains B. rains; will rain
C. will rain; will rain D. rains; rains
( ) 52. Three students from the earthquake area are studying in our school at present.
A. a moment ago B. now C. just now D. at once
Keys: BAB
2008寶山區一模
50. A: ________ a new bridge over that river now?
B: Yes, it has.
A) Has.. .built B) Is.. .being built
C) Will...be built D) Has...been built
53. A: When ________ the train________?
B: In ten minutes.
A) has ...left B) will...be leave
C) is...leaving D) did...leave
Keys: DC
2008崇明縣一模
45. Please be quiet! The students ______ a lesson in the next room now.
A) have B) would have C) are having D) was having
46. When we were children, we ______ swimming together every weekend in summer.
A) go B) went C) will go D) have gone
47. Sorry, Mr. Wang, I ______ my work yet, but I promise to make it in 10 minutes.
A) won’t do B) wouldn’t do C) haven’t done D) hadn’t done
Keys: CBC
2008虹口區一模
43. —Is John coming this evening?
--No, he can’t. He___________ for his exam.
A. has studied B. studies C. studied D. is studying
Keys: D
2008黃埔區一模
42. Lots of goods ______ to the earthquake-stricken areas last year.
A) were delivered B) deliver C) are delivered D) had delivered
49. They _______ the group discussion before their teacher came in.
A) have started B) started C) had started D) start
50. Thousands of people _______ the “Bird Nest” since it was put into use.
A) have visited B) are visiting C) will visit . D) had visited
Keys: ACA
2008金山區一模
49. Ben has ______ ill for about a week. Let’s go to see him together.
A) fallen B) felt C) become D) been
50. A piece of grass ______around the neck of each bird．
A) is tied B) ties C) has tied D) tied
Keys: DA
2008盧灣區一模
48. Usually computers ______ to search the Internet in our spare time.
A) use B) are using C) used D) are used
50. --- I called you at about half past eight last night, but nobody answered.
--- Oh, I ______ in my office at that time.
A) will work B) was working C) worked D) had worked
51. --- This is a no-left-turn area. Don’t you see the sign?
--- Oh, sorry. I ______ it.
A) hadn’t seen B) won’t see C) don’t see D) didn’t see
Keys: DBD
2008南匯區、浦東新區一模
42. Wendy _____ more than 1,500 new English words since last term.
A) memorizes B) memorized C) has memorized D) had memorized
49. I wonder if it _____ tomorrow. If it _____, we won’t go for a picnic.
A) will rain…will rain B) rains…rains C) rains…will rain D) will rain…rains
52. The meat _______ bad unless you put it in the fridge.
A) doesn’t go B) goes C) won’t go D) will go
Keys: CDD
2008青浦區一模
42. When I went in the classroom, Miss Wang ______ some new words on the blackboard.
A) writes B) wrote C) was writing D) has written
43. The top ten tennis players are coming to Shanghai. Who _____ the Tennis Masters’ Cup? Let’s wait and see.
A) wins B) will win C) won D) has won
Keys: CB
2008松江區一模
44. Miss Wang ______ her voice when some students ______ noises at the same time.
A) rose, made B) was raised, made
C) raised, made D) was risen, were made
46. So far more than 10 people ______ in the car accident last Friday.
A) died B) die C) dying D) have died
Keys: CD
Homework：1）真題練習
2）綜合卷
3）錯題整理
2008楊浦區一模
33. Look! The workers from Shanghai ______ houses for the victims in the earthquake-stricken area.
A) are rebuilding B) rebuilt C) had rebuilt D) will rebuild
34. In half a year you ______ a senior high school student. Isn’t it exciting!
A) become B) will become C) became D) have become
Keys: AB
2008閘北區一模
48. – What did your son say in the letter?
– He told me that he ______ the Cambridge University the next day.
A) will visit B) has visited C) is going to visit D) would visit
49. Shanghai World Financial(金融) Center ______ thousands of visitors since it opened to the public.
A) attracted B) attracts C) has attracted D) will attract
50. When I saw David yesterday, he ______ to the music with an earphone.
A) listened B) has listened C) was listening D) had listened
Keys: DCC
2008長寧區一模
42. This kind of air-conditioner in the shop ______ very well.
A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold
49. By the age of twelve, the little girl ______ her first collection of poems.
A. has published B. had published C. would publish D. published
51.The woman from the USA ______ the first gold medal(獎章) in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. wins B. will win C. have win D. won
52. The desks and chairs ______ to the children in Dujiangyan next week.
A. are sent B. will send C. have sent D. will be sent
53. I didn’t hear anyone shouting just now because I ______ to music with the earphone.
A. listened B. have listened C. was listening D. am listening
Keys: BBDDC
2009年寶山一模：
40. The professor with a number of students ___________ doing experiments in the lab at that time.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
41. Fourteen people were killed after Typhoon Khanun ___________ East China in September 2005.
A. took place B. came C. hit D. happened
42. You have hardly changed these years. How did you manage to ___________ so young?
A. become B. turn C. make D. stay
46. Jane ___________ to answer the difficult questions that was ___________ by the teacher.
A. rose...raised B. raised...risen C. rose...risen D. raised...raised
47. The old man at the bus stop found it difficult for him to ___________ the crowded bus.
A. get up B. get on C. get off D. get along
63. It is important for us to ___________ our friendship. (strong)
68. Bill didn’t break the window. (改為被動語態)
The window ___________ ___________ by Bill.
【Keys】
40. C 41. C 42. D 46. A 47. B 63. strengthen
68. wasn’t broken
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