從非謂語結構到獨立主格結構
高中語法中獨立主格被認為是最難的一部分，但其實也沒有那麼難，你只需要這樣想：當你想用非謂語成分表達類似狀語從句（原因，方式，目的，結果或伴隨等）意義時，結果發現非謂語的邏輯主語和主句的邏輯主語不一致，這時候就用到獨立主格了。從這個角度上講，獨立主格和非謂語從句是一脈相承的。
獨立主格的公式：
獨立主格的邏輯主語+不定式/ing分詞/ed分詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語。邏輯主語前也可以加with。
同非謂語結構一樣，獨立主格有以下用法：
1) 表示時間
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會後我們都回家了。the meeting being over相當於when the meeting was over
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她幹完了活，坐下來喝茶。her work done相當於when her work was done
2） 表示條件
The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。the condition being favorable相當於If the condition is favorable
3） 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有出租車，我們只好步行。There being no taxis相當於Since there was no taxis,
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得嚴嚴實實的。the night being dark and frosty相當於as the night was dark and frosty
4） 表示伴隨情況
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體，而銀則是最好的導體。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)
5） 表示補充說明
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人幹兩個人的活。
在表現形式上，分為幾類：
1：邏輯主語+現在分詞
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假設天氣好，我們就進行比賽。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班長病了，我們最好還是延期開會吧。
2：邏輯主語+過去分詞
The job finished, we went home. 工作結束後我們就回家了。
The last bus gone, we had to walk home. 最後一班公車已經走了，我們必須走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果給我們更多的時間，我們會把工作做得更好。
3：邏輯主語+不定式
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會議推遲到下週。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的。
4：邏輯主語+介詞短語
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵們端著槍衝了進來。
A girl came in, book in hand. 一個少女進來了，手裡拿著書。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。
5：邏輯主語+形容詞或副詞
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半開著。
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣領已解掉，頭低了下來，拿好鋼筆，準備開始寫一封長信。
6：There being +名詞（代詞）
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣佈散會。
7：It being +名詞（代詞）
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由於聖誕節的緣故，政府機關都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由於今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。
8）with+邏輯主語+分詞（或形容詞、副詞、不定式等）
He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他枕著自己的胳膊入眠。
With John away, we have got more room. 約翰走了，我們得到了更大空間。
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