非謂語動詞是歷年SAT語法考察的重點，因為它形式和功能的多變，非謂語動詞有一個綽號：SAT語法最調皮的知識點。
01
動詞不定式：
to do （主動語態），to be done （被動語態）
02
現在分詞：
doing（主動語態），being done（被動語態）
03
過去分詞：
done（強調被動）
非謂語動詞能起到的功能非常多，既可以作名詞，也可以做形容詞和副詞，SAT語法中常考的知識點涉及以下8個功能：
名詞：作主語，作賓語，作表語
形容詞：作定語
副詞：作目的狀語，作原因狀語，作結果狀語，作時間狀語
SAT語法中關於非謂語動詞經常出的陷阱題主要圍繞邏輯主語展開，建議同學優先搞清楚懸垂式結構與獨立主格結構的區別。前者是一種常見的語法錯誤，分詞或者不定式短語的邏輯主語與主句不一致。而獨立主格結構是由名詞或代詞加上分詞或分詞短語構成的結構。此結構只是一個修飾成分，不是一個完整句，故獨立主格結構和一個完整句子之間不需要加連詞。
獨立主格結構的特點：
1. 獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。
2. 名詞或代詞與後面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關係。
3. 獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。
名詞（代詞）+形容詞；
名詞（代詞）+副詞；
名詞（代詞）+不定式：
名詞（代詞）+介詞短語構成;
例句：
1. The test finished, we began our holiday.
=When the test was finished, we began ur holiday。
考試結束了，我們開始放假。
2. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
=After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow。
總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
3. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow。
天氣允許，我們明天去看你。
4. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館。
它是由介詞 with 或 without+複合結構構成，複合結構作介詞 with 或 without 的複合賓語，複合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當，第二部分補足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當，分詞可以是現在分詞，也可以是過去分詞。With 結構構成方式如下:
1. with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞:
2. with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞;
3. with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語：
4. With 或 without 名詞代詞+動詞不定式:
5. with或without 名詞/代詞+分詞。
例句：
1、She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold. (with+名詞+形容詞，作伴隨狀語）
2、With the meal over，we all went home (with+名詞+副詞，作時問狀語）
3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm. (with+名詞+介詞短語，作伴隨狀語。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
例1：Brought to the United States at the age of thirteen to receive a Western education, his first book discusses Lee Yan Phou's childhood in China.
A. his first book discusses Lee Yan Phou's childhood in China
B. Lee Yan Phou's childhood in China is the subject of his first book.
C. the subject of his first book is Lee Yan Phou's childhood in China
D. Lee Yan Phou discusses his childhood in China in his first book
答案：D
題解：分詞短語作狀語，根據句意判斷分詞的邏輯主語，13 歲時被帶到美國接受西方教育，主語必定是人，因此主句主語 his first book 必錯，需要改為人作主語。D、E 符合要求，B 項具有迷惑性，Lee Yan Phou's childhood 主語不是人而是人的童年，需要注意's 的用法。
例2：
To describe inter-stellarr distances, astronomers sometimes use the light-year, being the distance traversed by light in one year.
A. To describe interstellar distances, astronomers sometimes use the light-year, being the distance traversed by light in one year.
B. The light-year is the distance traversed by light in one year, and sometimes astronomers use it when interstellar distances are described.
C. As the distance traversed by light in one year, the light-year is used sometimes if the interstellar distances are described by astronomers.
D. To describe interstellar distances, astronomers sometimes use the light-year, which is the distance traversed by light in one year.
答案：C
題目解析：原句 to describe interstellar distances，不定式結構作狀語，表目的，然後是主句，後面 being the distance... 的邏輯主語從句意上判斷修飾 light- year，但在語法上分詞主語與主句主語一致，因此 A 錯。D 項用定語從句的形式修正了這一錯誤。B、C 項沒有遵循 SAT 考試中常用到的不改變原則，原句有 to 表目的，那麼改正後的句子必定也含 to。
例3：
Many friends to attend my birthday party, I feel excited.
解析：many... Party 短語是獨立主格，句子主語：I；謂語：feel。獨立主格和句子之間不需要加連詞。
例4：
There are up to a million miners in Sierra Leone, and only a thousand of them having licenses.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Leone and only
C. Leone, only
D. Leone
答案：C
解題思路主語：up to a million miners；謂語：are; and 連詞後面連接獨立主格結構，所以此處 and 多餘，故此題選 C。
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