狀語從句在主從複合句中修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等，按意義可以分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。
一．時間狀語從句。
通常由從屬連詞when, whenever, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since, once (一旦), hardly……when…, no sooner…….than…; 等引導。例如：
The cyclist started just as the lights changed to green.
Whenever we met with difficulties , they cam to help us.
He didn’t leave his office until he had finished the day’s work.
應注意的問題
1．在時間狀語從句中，通常要用動詞的一般現在時態表示一般將來時態，用一般過去時態表示過去將來時態。但when 引導一般疑問句或名詞性從句時不受上述語法規則的限制，因此，應該加以區分。例如：
When China will enter WTO depends on the bilateral (雙邊的)joint efforts.
Once you understand the rules of the game, you’ll enjoy it.
2.when , while, as 的不同用法。一般說來，當主、從句的動作是同時發生的事，三者可以換用。when既可以引導一個持續動作，也可以引導一個短暫動作，可用於主句和從句動作同時發生或從句動作先於主句動作；while 引導的動作必須是持續性的，強調主句和從句的動作同時發生，往往側重主句和從句動作的對比；as 用於引導“在某行為的繼續中發生某事”的“繼續之行為”，所以多與過去進行時連用，翻譯成“一邊……一邊……”或者表示動作的變化，翻譯成“隨著……”。
例如：
I hope you’ll think of my words as/when/while you drive on the busy roads.
When he realized it, the chance had been lost.
When he came home, I was cooking dinner.
I was fat when I was a child.
He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.
As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for the directions to the nearest station.
He sang songs as he was taking a bath.
As he gets older he gets more optimistic.
另外還必須注意 when和while 的特殊用法。when 可以表示“就在這時，突然”之意；而while 則可以表示對比的含義，常可譯作“而”。例如：
She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
答案：D. 本句的意思是“她認為我在談論她女兒，然而，實際上，我在談論我女兒。”
再如：
I was about to go to bed when the phone rang a second time.
我正準備去睡覺，就在這時電話鈴又響了。
3．since 和before 的用法區別。兩者都可用於 “It + be + since/ before-從句”的句型，區別在於 since 表示“自從…… 以來”，所在主、從句的謂語動詞的時態關係是：It is/has been some time since sb did something. 而before 的含義則是“（過了多久）才……”,主、從句的時態關係是：It was/ had been some time before sb did sth。表示過去和將來時，兩者相應的句型分別是：It was some time since sb had done something. 和It will be some time before sb does something. 例如：
It was / had been years before I came back from abroad.
It will be five years before we meet again.
4.一些表示時間的名詞詞組如： the first time, the second time, last time， the moment, the minute，the year, every time, each time , next time, 或副詞immediately, instantly, directly等也可以引導時間狀語從句。例如：
I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.
I recognized her the minute I saw her.
I’m going to see him next time he comes to Shanghai.
He left Europe the year World War II broke out.
I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
My sister came directly( = as soon as ) she got my message.
5.till 和until
till 和until 意義相同，多數情況下可以換用，但用以強調，句首多用until; 在強調結構或與not 連用時多用until. 例如：
Nothing can be done till/until the boss returns.
We waited till/until they came back.
Until we know the facts, we can’t do anything about it.
Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.
6.hardly……when和no sooner……than相當於as soon as 之意，也可引導時間狀語從句。從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句謂語動詞用過去完成時。hardly 及no sooner 置於句首時，語氣較強，主句的謂語要部分倒裝。例如：
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
= Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.
= No sooner had the spy returned home than he was told to go to another country.
二．地點狀語從句。
地點狀語從句由 where和wherever 引導，在主句前、後都可。where 表示特指，wherever 則表示泛指。但不少學生易將其和定語從句混淆，再者有的同學對地點狀語從句不太注意，所以往往做錯。例如：
You should make it a rule to leave things ___ you can find them again.
A.when B.where C.then D.there
答案：B. 注意它引導的不是定語從句。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(NMET 96)
A.which B. where C. that D. when
答案：B. 這是一個由where 引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞the small town.。再如：
Where there is a will, there’s a way.
九大狀語從句總複習（2）
狀語從句在主從複合句中修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等，按意義可以分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。
三．原因狀語從句。
1．原因狀語從句多由because, since, as 引導。because 引導的從句一般放在句末，表示直接的原因，語氣最強，回答why提出的問題，重點在從句；since 引導的從句一般放在句首，表已知的原因，全句重在交代結果，比because 語氣弱，常譯作“既然”； as 引導的從句放在句首或句末，表示比較明顯的原因，說明因果關係，語氣較弱，重點在主句，譯作“由於”。例如：
_____ you have seen both fighters,_____ will win ?
A.Since; do you think who B.As; who you think
C.When; whoever D.Since; who do you think
答案：D. since 表示“既然”，所傳達的信息是顯而易見的。再如：
As all the seats are full, he had to stand waiting.
---“Why aren’t you coming with us to the concert ?”
---“Because I have got a bad headache.”
此外，for 也可表示原因，但它是並列連詞，引出並列分句，表示間接原因，用來補充說明內容，或據此而作出某種推斷。例如：
She must have wept, for there are tear trails on her cheeks.
2.now that也可引導原因狀語從句，意思是“既然”，與since 同義，但更突出事實本身。
四．目的狀語從句。
通常由so that, in order that, so, in case“以防、以免”等連詞引導。例如：
He took the medicine on time so that he might get well again.
The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can/may understand well.
She has bought the book in order that she can follow the TV lessons.
1．目的狀語從句中的謂語常含有may/might, can/could, should , will/would等情態動詞，通常主句在前，從句在後，主句與從句之間沒有逗號。
2．in order that 引導的目的狀語從句和so that 引導的狀語從句可以換用，但in order that多用於正式文體中，而so 可用於口語或非正式文體中。例如：
We’ll sit nearer the front so (that) we can hear better.
3. in case 在非正式文體中,常引導目的狀語從句，表示“以防、以免”等含義。例如：
He left early in case he should miss the train.
Take your raincoat in case it rains/ should rain.
五．結果狀語從句。
通常由連詞so that, so…that, such… that等引導。例如：
He had overslept, so that he was late for work.
He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.
He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.
1.so…that和such…that 引導的結果狀語從句都表示主句的動作或狀態達到一定的程度而引起的結果。
so 是副詞，用來修飾形容詞、副詞、分詞或其它結構，such 是形容詞，用來修飾名詞或名詞短語。例如：
There were so many people in the room that we couldn’t get in.
So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital. (so短語位於句首時，主句須倒裝)
The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of facts.
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
such修飾單數可數名詞且名詞前有形容詞時，可用so替換such, 冠詞與形容詞交換位置，構成“so+ adj. +a(an) +名詞”。上面的句子可以寫成：
He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
又如：This is such a beautiful chair that I’m thinking of buying it.
(= This is so beautiful a chair that I’m thinking of buying it.)
2.如何區別so that 引導的目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句？
（1）.根據上下文及句子所表達的意思判斷。
（2）.根據句子的結構來判斷。從句之前有逗號的常是結果狀語從句；從句前有情態動詞的多半是目的狀語從句。例如：
She hurried , so that she caught the bus.(結果)
She hurried so that she might catch the bus.(目的)
I went to the lecture early, so that I got a good seat.(結果)
I’m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.( 目的)
狀語從句在主從複合句中修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等，按意義可以分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。
六．讓步狀語從句。
1．由however, whatever, whenever, whoever等引導，相當於no matter how/what/when/who 等。例如：
We’ll have to finish the job,_____.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
答案： D. however 是副詞性引導詞，必須直接位於所修飾的形容詞long之前，並放在句首引導狀語從句。
應該注意：however, whatever, whenever, wherever 等還可以引導名詞性從句，而no matter how, no matter what, no matter when, no matter where等只能引導狀語從句。例如：
Whatever I said couldn’t cause his interest in the topic.
2.由though, although, as, even though/if 等引導讓步狀語從句，不能與 but 連用，但可於yet連用。
(1).由as引導的讓步狀語從句，必須倒裝表語形容詞、名詞（前面不用冠詞）或者副詞狀語或者動詞原形，though 引導的讓步狀語從句可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝，而although引導的不能倒裝。例如：
He didn’t light the fire though/although it was cold.
Although he is very old, (yet) he still jogs every day.
Rich as/though he is(=Although he is rich), I don’t envy him.
Difficult that task was, they managed to finish it in time.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I love it, I’ll not buy it.
Try as they may, they won’t succeed.
(2).even if, even though 表示“即使，縱然”，有退一步設想的意味，多用於書面語中。
例如：
I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.
Even if he did say so, we can not be sure that he was telling the truth.
(3).whether(…or)引導讓步狀語從句,提供兩個或兩個以上供選擇的條件。注意此時的whether不能換成if. 例如：
Whether he drives or (whether he) takes the train, he’ll be there on time.
七．條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句用if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, providing, now that, in that 等引導。除了應注意這些詞的語義差別之外，還需注意，在條件狀語從句中不能用將來時，只能用一般現在時表示一般將來時。例如：
If China becomes strong and powerful, we’ll never bully other countries.
As long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll turn our dreams into realities.
He won’t believe anything unless he sees it with his own eyes.
I will lend you the money on condition that you pay it back in one month.
有時if 條件句中也用will, 但此時用來表示主語的意願。例如：
If you will come to work in our city, I’ll try my best to meet your demands.(如果你願意來我市工作，我將盡力滿足你的要求。)
八．方式狀語從句
1．方式狀語從句用 as, just as, as if, as though 引導。
2.關於方式狀語從句值得注意兩點：
（1）.as 表示行為方式；
（2）.在打比方與事實相反或不可能實現時，as if /though 引導的從句用虛擬語氣。但當句子謂語為過去時態時，特別是當句子謂語為look, seem, taste, smell等感官動詞時，從句謂語動詞不用虛擬語氣。例如：
I have changed the plan as you suggested.
When at Rome do as the Romans do.(入鄉隨俗)
I have loved you as if you were my own son.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
九．比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句常由than, as…as , not so/as…as, the more…, the more …等引導。例如：
He didn’t do as much as he had promised.
I know you as well as any member of your family.
Now we can produce much more steel than Japan.
The longer you stay with him, the better you will know him.
狀語從句的複習重點及中考熱點透視
狀語從句不僅是初中英語學習的重點，而且也是每年中考必考的內容之一。從筆者研讀歷年全國各地中考英語試題對狀語從句的考查內容來看，命題主要集中在引導狀語從句的連詞、狀語從句的時態等方面；從九大狀語從句來看，同學們應將複習重點放在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結果狀語從句和比較狀語從句這四種上。
一、對時間狀語從句的考查
1．要點：
1）引導時間狀語從句的連詞有：while， when，as，as soon as，until，not．．．until，before， after，since，etc．要掌握每個連詞的含義及其用法，還有它們之間的一些區別。
2）when，while，as的區別：
①三者均可表示“當……的時候”，如果主句表示的是短暫的動作，而從句表示的是一段時間，三者可通用。如：
I met Kang Li as／when／while I was walking along the street．當我沿街散步時碰見了康麗。
②as和when都可與終止性動詞連用， while只能與延續性動詞連用。如：
It was snowing when we got to the airport．當我們到達機場時，天正下著雪。（不能用 while）
③as強調主句與從句表示的動作同時發生；while強調主句表示的動作持續於while所指的整個時間內；when可指主、從句所述動作同時或先後發生。如：
He sang as he went along．他邊走邊唱。
Please write while I read．我讀的時候，請寫下來。
When he reached home，he had a little rest．回到家後，他休息了一會兒。
3）until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……為止”，主句要用延續性動詞；在否定句中，表示“直到……才”，主句常用終止性動詞，這時till和until可用before替換。如：
I waited till／until he arrived．我一直等到他到來。
We won't start until／till／before Bob comes．鮑勃到來之前，我們不會動身。
4）since從句中常用過去時，主句用一般現在時或現在完成時；如果主句是一般將來時，情態動詞加動詞原形或祈使句時，時間狀語從句用一般現在時。如：
Where have you been since I saw you last？上次我和你見面之後，你到哪裡去了？
I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua．我一到通化就給你打電話。
2．考例：
1）我一到美國就給你打電話。（北京市海淀區）
I'll ring you up ______ soon ______ I get to America．
2）昨天直到雨停了，孩子們才離開學校。（同上）
The children ______ leave school ______ the rain stopped yesterday．
3）It ______ ten years since they ______ to France．（
A．as；covered
B．was；have moved
C．is；have moved
D．is；moved
4）He ______ wait until the rain ______ ．
A．won't；will stop
B．won't；stop
C．will；stops
D．will；will stop
二、對條件狀語從句的考查
1．要點：引導條件狀語從句的連詞有if（如果）、unless（除非）等，unless在意義上相當於if．．．not。條件狀語從句也像時間狀語從句一樣，如果主句用將來時，從句要用現在時代替將來時。如：
You will fail unless you study hard．（＝You will fail if you don't study hard．）除非你努力學習，否則你會失敗。
2．考例：
1）He will go to the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow．
A．won't rain
B．doesn't rain
C．don't rain
D．isn't raining
2） ______ you eat old food，you may be ill．
A．Before
B．Why
C．If
D．Which
三、對比較狀語從句的考查
1．要點：引導比較狀語從句的連詞有as．．．as，than。
1）表示甲與乙在某一方面相同時，用“as＋原級＋as”句型；表示甲在某一方面不如乙時，用“not as ／so ＋原級＋as”句型。如：
Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen．大連和深圳一樣的美。
I don't run as／so fast as Kang Li．我不如康麗跑得快。
2）表示甲超過或不及乙時，用“比較級＋從句”（從句中常省略意義與主句相同的部分）。如：
He runs faster than you（do）．他跑得比你快。
Today is less cold than yesterday．今天沒有昨天冷。
2．考例：
1）Jack runs as ______ as Tom．
A．fast
B．faster
C．fastest
D．much faster
2）30，000dollars is a large amount of money，but it's ______ than we need．
A．for more
B．very much
C．far less
D．very little
四、對結果狀語從句的考查
1．要點：引導結果狀語從句的連詞有so．．．that（如此……以致於），such．．．that（如此……以致於）等。常用句型：
so＋形容詞／副詞＋that從句
such a／an ＋形容詞＋單數可數名詞＋ that從句
such＋形容詞＋複數可數名詞／不可數名詞＋that從句
so＋形容詞＋a／an＋單數可數名詞＋that從句
He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him．他講得太快，我跟不上。
He told us such funny stories that we all laughed．
他給我們講了那麼多有趣的故事，我們全都哈哈大笑。
2．考例：
1）這山太高，我們很難到達山頂。
This mountain is ______ ______ that we can ______ ______ the top．
2）Miss Gao asked a question，but it was ______ that nobody could answer it．
A．very difficult
B．too difficult
C．difficult enough
D．so difficult
五、對其它狀語從句的考查
還有五種狀語從句：地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、方式狀語從句、讓步狀語從句。
1．要點：
1）掌握常用的引導詞：
①引導地點狀語從句的有：where（在哪裡），wherever（無論何地），etc．如：
Where there is a will，there is a way．有志者，事競成。
Wherever you go，I go too．無論你去哪裡，我都去。
②引導原因狀語從句的有because，as， since（因為），etc。because常回答why引導的疑問句，該從句一般位於主句後；since比as正式，兩者不回答why引導的問句，而且其從句一般放在句首。如：
—Why can't I go？為什麼我不能去？
—Because you're too young．因為你年紀太小了。
As（Since）you are not feeling well，you'd better stay at home．
既然你不太舒服，還是留在家裡的好。
③引導目的狀語從句的有so that（以便）等。如：
I packed him a little food so that he wouldn't be hungry．
我給他包了一點食物，讓他不致捱餓。
④引導方式狀語從句的有as（按照）等。如：
I will do it as you tell me．我將照你說的做。
⑤引導讓步狀語從句的有though／although（雖然），even though（儘管），whoever／ no matter who（無論誰），however／no matter how（無論怎樣），whatever／no matter what（無論什麼）等。如：
Though it's hard work，I enjoy it．儘管這工作很辛苦，我還是很喜歡。
No matter how hard the work was，he never gave it up．不管工作多麼艱難，他都從不放棄。
2）because不能與並列連詞so，though ／although不能與but同時在句中使用。如：
She was late for school because she missed the bus．
｛
She missed the bus，so she was late for school．
It's not cheap，but it's very good．
｛
Though it's not cheap，it's very good．
2．考例：
1）I can't understand this passage _____ there are no new words in it．
A．if
B．because
C．though
D．and
2）“Why did Li Lei use a pencil？”“ _____ his pen was broken．”
A．Because
B．When
C．Until
D．If
六、對狀語從句和賓語從句、簡單句、並列句的混合考查
【考點1】區分when，if引導賓語從句和狀語從句的不同：when引導時間狀語從句意為“當……時候”，引導賓語從句意為“什麼時候”；if引導條件狀語從句意為“如果”，引導賓語從句意為“是否”。如：
1．—Mike wants to know if _____ a picnic tomorrow．
—Yes．But if it _____ ，we'll visit the museum instead．
A．you have；will rain
B．you will have；will rain
C．you will have；rains
D．will you have；rains
2．—Do you know when he _____ back tomorrow？
—Sorry，I don't．When he _____ back， I'll tell you．
A．comes；comes
B．comes；will come
C．will come；comes
D．will come；will come
【考點2】狀語從句和賓語從句、狀語從句和簡單句、並列句的同義轉換。如：
1．A：He is too young to go to school．
B：He is _____ young _____ he can't go to school．
2．A：Tom is the tallest in his class．
B：Tom is _____ _____ any other student in his class．
3．A：The box is so light _____ that the boy can carry it．
B：The box is light for the boy to carry．
4．A：Put on your coat，or you'll catch a cold．
B： _____ you _____ put on your coat， you'll catch a cold．
Key:
一、2．1）as；as 2）didn't；until／till／before 3）D 4）C
二、2．1）B2）C
三、2．1）A2）C
四、2．1）so high；not reach 2）D
五、2．1）C 2）A
六、【考點1】1．C 2．C【考點2】1．so；that 2．taller than 3．enough 4．If；don't
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